Test 4 - P.P. Flashcards
In _________ integrated cultures, a change in any part can call
the entire structure into question and lead to uncontrolled
changes.
tightly
We live in a _________ integrated culture, meaning something can change in one part and not to drastically effect the whole system
loosely
the French Revolution and peaceful demonstrations are forms of
Collective Behavior
Significant change is usually caused by something because we typically change only of _________
necessity
Among the causes of significant social change are:
- Climate changes
- _________ increases or decreases
- Shifts in _________ structures in a society
- Outside force (from another society)
- Technological change
- The effects (usually problems) from earlier social changes
- Population
- power
Among the causes of significant social change are:
- _________ changes
- Population increases or decreases
- Shifts in power structures in a society
- _________ force (from another society)
- Technological change
- The effects (usually problems) from earlier social changes
- Climate
- Outside
Among the causes of significant social change are:
- Climate changes
- Population increases or decreases
- Shifts in power structures in a society
- Outside force (from another society)
- _________ change
- The effects (usually problems) from earlier _________ changes
- Technological
- social
- Social Change -
We still seem be following the direction that _________ indicated—toward increasing complexity
Durkheim
- Social Change -
We still seem be following the direction that Durkheim indicated—toward increasing _________
complexity
_________ is a name given to a category of social activities that were little understood when first observed
Collective Behavior
One of the early writers in the area of Collective Behavior was _________
Gustav LeBon
Gustav LeBons depiction of the crowds during and after the French Revolution
was hardly an example of “_________”
objective science
Gustav LeBons contention was that anyone who participated in an angry crowd has given up their “_________” and reverted to the level of an amoral “_________”
- humanity
- animal
One common characteristic of these episodes of “community
response” is that they are usually _________
spontaneous
The aspect of spontaneity is a characteristic of all forms of _________
Collective Behavior
- WHO -
Value Added theory
Neil Smelser
_________ : it isn’t one thing that leads to “collective action,” but that there are really a series of conditions that “add up” to promote the likelihood of some form of collective action taking place.
Value Added theory
“pre-conditions” that promote collective action, are the
following:
-a period of stress or social _________
-a perception that there has been a breakdown of the existing _________ mechanisms that handle problems
-a common definition of the situation must be created by the “collective” before any action can take place.
-there is typically some triggering event, also called a
precipitating event, that sets people into action.
- unrest
- social
4 commonly recognized forms of Collective Behavior are:
-Publics
-
- Crowds
- Social Movements
4 commonly recognized forms of Collective Behavior are:
-
-Crowds
-
-Social Movements
- Panics
- Publics
Panics occur in response to some _________ threat
perceived
_________ : milder versions of “panics”
mass hysteria
Y2K is an example of _________
mass hysteria
A _________ is an even milder form of mass hysteria
craze
_________ crowds are basically people gathered together in time and space to… well, to watch something.
passive
-the world’s biggest cruise ship dock
example of _________
passive crowds
-People watching an accident on the side of the ride
example of _________
Casual crowds
_________ crowds form spontaneously to view some event
sometimes called “gawkers” or “rubber-neckers
Casual
_________ crowds are crowds that are actively celebrating something
Expressive
The crowds at Mardi Gras or the crowds at Carnival, in Rio, are _________ crowds
expressive
A form of active crowds:
_________ crowds, that are angry about something
hostile
spontaneous form of a hostile crowd would be a _________ .
mob
Mobs can be very violent, as in the case of _________ mobs
lynch
The 3rd stage of crowd development is when this escalation of _________ takes place
anger
_________ – a physical interaction between crowd members that involves communication and a heightening of emotions
milling
_________ – which is the method that allows a transfer
of emotional level between members of the crowd.
circular reaction
_________ – this is the main source of information shared by
members of a crowd
rumor
-Rumor- The crowd needs information on which to make decisions. If it can’t find that information, it will simply invent it. Tomatsu Shibutani refers to it as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ .
Improvised News
_________ – this happens when someone says what the
crowd has been waiting to hear.
keynoting
The 4th stage of crowd development is when it finally _________
becomes active
3 characteristics of crowds :
-don’t last long
not large
3 characteristics of crowds:
-
-not large
-
- short
- don’t last long
if you have gone to a public meeting on a particular issue…you were a member of a _________ and may not have realized it.
public
Once people realize they are a member of a public, they may
act together and organize some actions to bring more attention
to the issue they are trying to affect.
This is a _________
Lobby
Collective Behavior is just another form of _________
social action
_________ is only one of the choices people have in any given situation
Collective Behavior
The probability that people will engage in some form of Collective Behavior is increased if certain _________ are met (Smelser’s Value Added theory)
pre-conditions
Social Movements are the most organized form of _________
Collective Behavior
Social Movements are the longest lasting and they also have the greatest potential for
_________ social change
long-term
Now membership in coalitions are, by definition, _________
voluntary
Forms of Social Movements include: - Religious - - Reactionary -
Forms of Social Movements include:
- Reform
- Revolutionary
The labor rights movement, the American Civil Rights movement, and the women’s rights
movement are 3 such examples of _________
reform movements
a successful movement needs 3 different types of leadership:
- _________ leadership
- intellectual leadership
- _________ leadership
- charismatic
- organizational
a successful movement needs a well-reasoned and well-written _________ .
ideology
a successful movement needs a _________ .
beatable foe
The gap that opens quickly between expectations and reality, which we call “_________ ” is the impetus to forced change
relative deprivation
_________ do not occur when conditions are at their worst, but after a period of improvement which gives rise to hope and aspirations
Revolutions
_________ means the study of populations /people
Demography
Social movements take different forms, only one of which, _________ , takes up arms.
Revolutionary Movements
_________ create significant and long lasting changes in the societies in which they occur.
Social Movements
Social Movements form out of coalitions of _________ groups .To survive they need 3 kinds of _________
They need a viable and well developed ideology
They need a beatable foe (and sometimes just a bit of luck)
They need the support of a significant part of the populace, but not necessarily even a majority of the populace.
- pre-existing
- leadership
It took over a million years for the human population on earth to reach __ billion. To go from 6 billion to 7 billion, took __ years
- 1
- 11
Most deaths, until almost the 1900’s, were of children below the age of __
There were no vaccines, then, for contagious diseases which hit children the hardes t
-5
_________ is when Birth rates and Death rates are exactly equal and represents when “_________” is occurring. It’s usually short-lived
and occurs in STABLE Populations.
- ZPG (zero population growth)
- replacement
ZPG is when Birth rates and Death rates are exactly equal and represents when “replacement” is occurring. It’s usually _________
and occurs in _________ Populations.
- short-lived
- STABLE
_________ comes from actually counting people as in a census
enumeration data
_________ which comes
from the recording of life-events
such as births, marriages, work,
immigrations, etc. Even sales data in various forms gets recorded.
registration data
Census data is _________ data
enumeration
Any time you fill out any form, you are creating _________
registration data
“bar-graph”
which is also know as a
“_________”
histogram
A _________ in demography is everyone born in a given year.
cohort
_________ is defined as the maximum population a given
ecosystem (or planet) can support indefinitely without harming the ecosystem
Carrying capacity
- WHO -
_________ : population growth rate
Malthus
Equation to figure population growth rate:
P2 = P1 + Births – Deaths + InMigration - OutMigration
-
The people doing research into the Earth’s carrying capacity today would bear the characterization of being _________
Neo-Malthusians
You start with a sample of people all born the same year, a cohort,
remember? Usually the samples are 100,000 people. Then you
keep track of how many die each year and what they die from. You
use this data to create what we call a _________ or an _________ as the insurance industry calls them
- life table
- actuarial table
Actuarial tables are really a way of looking at the _________
of events happening
probability
“pre-conditions” that promote collective action, are the
following:
- a period of stress or social unrest
- a perception that there has been a breakdown of the existing social mechanisms that handle problems
- a common definition of the situation must be created by the “_________” before any action can take place.
- there is typically some _________ event, also called a _________ event, that sets people into action.
- collective
- triggering
- precipitating
Social Movements form out of coalitions of pre-existing groups To survive the need 3 kinds of leadership.
They need a viable and well developed _________ .
They need a _________ foe.
They need the support of a significant part of the populace, but not necessarily even a majority of the populace.
- ideology
- beatable
Social Movements form out of coalitions of pre-existing groups .To survive the need 3 kinds of leadership.
They need a viable and well developed ideology.
They need a beatable foe
They need the support of a significant part of the _________, but not necessarily even a _________ of the populace.
- populace
- majority
