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Sociology 191 > Test 4 - P.P. > Flashcards

Test 4 - P.P. Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

In _________ integrated cultures, a change in any part can call
the entire structure into question and lead to uncontrolled
changes.

A

tightly

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2
Q

We live in a _________ integrated culture, meaning something can change in one part and not to drastically effect the whole system

A

loosely

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3
Q

the French Revolution and peaceful demonstrations are forms of

A

Collective Behavior

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4
Q

Significant change is usually caused by something because we typically change only of _________

A

necessity

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5
Q

Among the causes of significant social change are:

  • Climate changes
  • _________ increases or decreases
  • Shifts in _________ structures in a society
  • Outside force (from another society)
  • Technological change
  • The effects (usually problems) from earlier social changes
A
  • Population

- power

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6
Q

Among the causes of significant social change are:

  • _________ changes
  • Population increases or decreases
  • Shifts in power structures in a society
  • _________ force (from another society)
  • Technological change
  • The effects (usually problems) from earlier social changes
A
  • Climate

- Outside

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7
Q

Among the causes of significant social change are:

  • Climate changes
  • Population increases or decreases
  • Shifts in power structures in a society
  • Outside force (from another society)
  • _________ change
  • The effects (usually problems) from earlier _________ changes
A
  • Technological

- social

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8
Q
  • Social Change -

We still seem be following the direction that _________ indicated—toward increasing complexity

A

Durkheim

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9
Q
  • Social Change -

We still seem be following the direction that Durkheim indicated—toward increasing _________

A

complexity

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10
Q

_________ is a name given to a category of social activities that were little understood when first observed

A

Collective Behavior

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11
Q

One of the early writers in the area of Collective Behavior was _________

A

Gustav LeBon

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12
Q

Gustav LeBons depiction of the crowds during and after the French Revolution
was hardly an example of “_________”

A

objective science

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13
Q

Gustav LeBons contention was that anyone who participated in an angry crowd has given up their “_________” and reverted to the level of an amoral “_________”

A
  • humanity

- animal

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14
Q

One common characteristic of these episodes of “community

response” is that they are usually _________

A

spontaneous

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15
Q

The aspect of spontaneity is a characteristic of all forms of _________

A

Collective Behavior

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16
Q
  • WHO -

Value Added theory

A

Neil Smelser

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17
Q

_________ : it isn’t one thing that leads to “collective action,” but that there are really a series of conditions that “add up” to promote the likelihood of some form of collective action taking place.

A

Value Added theory

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18
Q

“pre-conditions” that promote collective action, are the
following:

-a period of stress or social _________
-a perception that there has been a breakdown of the existing _________ mechanisms that handle problems
-a common definition of the situation must be created by the “collective” before any action can take place.
-there is typically some triggering event, also called a
precipitating event, that sets people into action.

A
  • unrest

- social

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19
Q

4 commonly recognized forms of Collective Behavior are:

-Publics
-

A
  • Crowds

- Social Movements

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20
Q

4 commonly recognized forms of Collective Behavior are:

-
-Crowds
-
-Social Movements

A
  • Panics

- Publics

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21
Q

Panics occur in response to some _________ threat

A

perceived

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22
Q

_________ : milder versions of “panics”

A

mass hysteria

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23
Q

Y2K is an example of _________

A

mass hysteria

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24
Q

A _________ is an even milder form of mass hysteria

A

craze

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25
Q

_________ crowds are basically people gathered together in time and space to… well, to watch something.

A

passive

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26
Q

-the world’s biggest cruise ship dock

example of _________

A

passive crowds

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27
Q

-People watching an accident on the side of the ride

example of _________

A

Casual crowds

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28
Q

_________ crowds form spontaneously to view some event

sometimes called “gawkers” or “rubber-neckers

A

Casual

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29
Q

_________ crowds are crowds that are actively celebrating something

A

Expressive

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30
Q

The crowds at Mardi Gras or the crowds at Carnival, in Rio, are _________ crowds

A

expressive

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31
Q

A form of active crowds:

_________ crowds, that are angry about something

A

hostile

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32
Q

spontaneous form of a hostile crowd would be a _________ .

A

mob

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33
Q

Mobs can be very violent, as in the case of _________ mobs

A

lynch

34
Q

The 3rd stage of crowd development is when this escalation of _________ takes place

A

anger

35
Q

_________ – a physical interaction between crowd members that involves communication and a heightening of emotions

A

milling

36
Q

_________ – which is the method that allows a transfer

of emotional level between members of the crowd.

A

circular reaction

37
Q

_________ – this is the main source of information shared by
members of a crowd

A

rumor

38
Q 
-Rumor-
 The crowd needs information on which to make decisions.  If it can’t find that information, it will
simply invent it.
 Tomatsu Shibutani refers to it as
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ .
A

Improvised News

39
Q

_________ – this happens when someone says what the

crowd has been waiting to hear.

A

keynoting

40
Q

The 4th stage of crowd development is when it finally _________

A

becomes active

41
Q

3 characteristics of crowds :

-don’t last long

A

not large

42
Q

3 characteristics of crowds:

-
-not large
-

A
  • short

- don’t last long

43
Q

if you have gone to a public meeting on a particular issue…you were a member of a _________ and may not have realized it.

A

public

44
Q

Once people realize they are a member of a public, they may
act together and organize some actions to bring more attention
to the issue they are trying to affect.
This is a _________

A

Lobby

45
Q

Collective Behavior is just another form of _________

A

social action

46
Q

_________ is only one of the choices people have in any given situation

A

Collective Behavior

47
Q

The probability that people will engage in some form of Collective Behavior is increased if certain _________ are met (Smelser’s Value Added theory)

A

pre-conditions

48
Q

Social Movements are the most organized form of _________

A

Collective Behavior

49
Q

Social Movements are the longest lasting and they also have the greatest potential for
_________ social change

A

long-term

50
Q

Now membership in coalitions are, by definition, _________

A

voluntary

51
Q 
Forms of Social Movements include:
- Religious
-
- Reactionary
-
A

Forms of Social Movements include:

  • Reform
  • Revolutionary
52
Q

The labor rights movement, the American Civil Rights movement, and the women’s rights
movement are 3 such examples of _________

A

reform movements

53
Q

a successful movement needs 3 different types of leadership:

  • _________ leadership
  • intellectual leadership
  • _________ leadership
A
  • charismatic

- organizational

54
Q

a successful movement needs a well-reasoned and well-written _________ .

A

ideology

55
Q

a successful movement needs a _________ .

A

beatable foe

56
Q

The gap that opens quickly between expectations and reality, which we call “_________ ” is the impetus to forced change

A

relative deprivation

57
Q

_________ do not occur when conditions are at their worst, but after a period of improvement which gives rise to hope and aspirations

A

Revolutions

58
Q

_________ means the study of populations /people

A

Demography

59
Q

Social movements take different forms, only one of which, _________ , takes up arms.

A

Revolutionary Movements

60
Q

_________ create significant and long lasting changes in the societies in which they occur.

A

Social Movements

61
Q

Social Movements form out of coalitions of _________ groups .To survive they need 3 kinds of _________
They need a viable and well developed ideology
They need a beatable foe (and sometimes just a bit of luck)
They need the support of a significant part of the populace, but not necessarily even a majority of the populace.

A
  • pre-existing

- leadership

62
Q

It took over a million years for the human population on earth to reach __ billion. To go from 6 billion to 7 billion, took __ years

A
  • 1

- 11

63
Q

Most deaths, until almost the 1900’s, were of children below the age of __
There were no vaccines, then, for contagious diseases which hit children the hardes t

A

-5

64
Q

_________ is when Birth rates and Death rates are exactly equal and represents when “_________” is occurring. It’s usually short-lived
and occurs in STABLE Populations.

A
  • ZPG (zero population growth)

- replacement

65
Q

ZPG is when Birth rates and Death rates are exactly equal and represents when “replacement” is occurring. It’s usually _________
and occurs in _________ Populations.

A
  • short-lived

- STABLE

66
Q

_________ comes from actually counting people as in a census

A

enumeration data

67
Q

_________ which comes
from the recording of life-events
such as births, marriages, work,
immigrations, etc. Even sales data in various forms gets recorded.

A

registration data

68
Q

Census data is _________ data

A

enumeration

69
Q

Any time you fill out any form, you are creating _________

A

registration data

70
Q

“bar-graph”
which is also know as a
“_________”

A

histogram

71
Q

A _________ in demography is everyone born in a given year.

A

cohort

72
Q

_________ is defined as the maximum population a given

ecosystem (or planet) can support indefinitely without harming the ecosystem

A

Carrying capacity

73
Q
  • WHO -

_________ : population growth rate

A

Malthus

74
Q

Equation to figure population growth rate:

P2 = P1 + Births – Deaths + InMigration - OutMigration

A

-

75
Q

The people doing research into the Earth’s carrying capacity today would bear the characterization of being _________

A

Neo-Malthusians

76
Q

You start with a sample of people all born the same year, a cohort,
remember? Usually the samples are 100,000 people. Then you
keep track of how many die each year and what they die from. You
use this data to create what we call a _________ or an _________ as the insurance industry calls them

A
  • life table

- actuarial table

77
Q

Actuarial tables are really a way of looking at the _________
of events happening

A

probability

78
Q

“pre-conditions” that promote collective action, are the
following:

  • a period of stress or social unrest
  • a perception that there has been a breakdown of the existing social mechanisms that handle problems
  • a common definition of the situation must be created by the “_________” before any action can take place.
  • there is typically some _________ event, also called a _________ event, that sets people into action.
A
  • collective
  • triggering
  • precipitating
79
Q

Social Movements form out of coalitions of pre-existing groups To survive the need 3 kinds of leadership.
They need a viable and well developed _________ .
They need a _________ foe.
They need the support of a significant part of the populace, but not necessarily even a majority of the populace.

A
  • ideology

- beatable

80
Q

Social Movements form out of coalitions of pre-existing groups .To survive the need 3 kinds of leadership.
They need a viable and well developed ideology.
They need a beatable foe
They need the support of a significant part of the _________, but not necessarily even a _________ of the populace.

A
  • populace

- majority

Sociology 191 (6 decks)

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