test 4 review Flashcards
what does force fluids (FF) mean?
to encourage the resident to drink more fluids
Urinary drainage bags should be kept below the ? or ? at all times to prevent urine ? into the bladder & OFF OF THE ?
bladder, hip, backflow, floor
If a person has a Foley catheter, the main goal is to prevent ? and ensure proper ? of urine while maintaining patient ? and catheter function.
infection, drainage, comfort
Urine collection bags are attached to a ?, which is a tube that is inserted into the ?
catheter, bladder
How can UTI’s be prevented:
wipe from front to back, proper fluid intake, offer bedpan or BR every 2 hours, take showers rather than baths
urine abnormalities:
blood, smelly, cloudy, dark, often urination in small amounts
Best position for using the bedpan
Semi-Fowler’s position (semi-sitting: 30-45 degree angle)
The goal of bowel/bladder training programs is to help individuals regain ? over their bowel and bladder functions. These programs work by promoting regular ? patterns, increasing control over urgency, and reducing incontinence. By establishing a consistent ? and encouraging the body to empty at specific times, these programs aim to help individuals recognize and ? to the urge to use the bathroom.
control, elimination, routine, respond
Observations to report regarding urination include changes in ?, ?, ?, amount, and the presence of pain, blood, or difficulty urinating. Any signs of incontinence, urinary retention, or changes in flow should also be promptly reported.
color, odor, frequency
When assisting a male resident to use a urinal, the CNA should ideally position the head of the bed:
semi-Fowler’s
factors that affect urine and bowel elimination include fluid intake, ? (especially fiber), ? activity, ?, ?, and emotional stress.
diet, physical, medications, age
Factors that promote normal elimination include: adequate ?intake, a high-? diet, regular ? activity, responding to the urge to defecate promptly, maintaining a consistent bowel routine, managing ? levels, and avoiding excessive ? or alcohol consumption
fluid, fiber, physical, stress, caffeine
The most important CNA task for someone with diarrhea is to ensure proper ?.
hydration
Causes of constipation:
decreased fluid intake, poor diet, inactivity, medications, aging, disease, ignoring urge to defecate
Where are urinals placed?
in between his legs w penis inside
what are the 4 vital signs in order
temp, pulse, respirations, BP
Temperature: Reflects the body’s ability to regulate ? and maintain a stable internal environment (?).
Pulse: Reflects the heart’s ability to pump ? effectively, indicating circulatory function and cardiac health.
?: Reflects the body’s ability to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide, indicating respiratory function.
? ?: Reflects the force of blood against the artery walls, indicating circulatory and heart health.
heat, thermoregulation, blood, respirations, blood pressure
? temp is most accurate
? temp is least accurate
rectal, axillary
Temperature: Record the ? in degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius, using a digital, electronic, temporal, tympanic, or mercury-free thermometer and noting the method used.
Pulse: Record the pulse rate in ? (BPM) , along with the rhythm and strength of the pulse.
Respiratory Rate: Record the number of ? per minute, noting the regularity and depth of breathing.
Blood Pressure: Record the ? and ? pressure in mmHg, noting the arm used and the position of the patient.
temperature, beats per minute, breaths, systolic, diastolic
A person’s body temperature is typically higher in the ?
evening
normal VS ranges:
temperature
pulse
respirations
BP
98.6, 60-100 bpm, 12-20 rpm, 120/80 (normal), 90/60 (hypotensive), 130/80 mmHg (Stage 1 hypertension), 140/90 mmHg or higher (Stage 2 hypertension)
pulse sites:
radial, brachial, temporal, carotid, apical, femoral, popliteal, pedal
When should respirations be counted?
15 seconds after pulse w/o patients knowledge
Where is the BP cuff placed?
over brachial artery 1-1 1/2 in. above elbow
Factors that can increase blood pressure include:
stress, physical activity, excessive salt intake, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, age, genetics, and certain medications
best time to collect following specimens:
routine-
clean catch-
stool-
sputum-
anytime, morning, whenever client informs u they can defecate, early morning
hemiplegia is
paralysis on one side of the body
hemiparesis is
weakness on one side of the body
trouble communicating thoughts thru writing or speech is called ? aphasia
expressive
difficulty understanding spoken or written words is called ? aphasia
receptive
inappropriate or unprovoked emotional responses is called emotional ?
lability
difficulty swallowing is called
dysphagia
paresis is ? ?
partial paralysis
paraplegia is the loss of function in the ? and ?
lower body, legs
quadriplegia is the loss of function in the ?, ?, and ?
legs, trunk, arms
hypertension is the name for
high BP
a myocardial infarction is the fancy name for a
heart attack
when the heart muscle is not getting enough O2 causing pain is called
angina
? is the body taking in O2 and removing CO2
respiration
breathing in =
inspiration
breathing out =
expiration
difficulty breathing is called
dyspnea
? ? is the inability to control one’s bladder
urinary incontinence
name the 3 func. of the GI system
digestion (breaking down), absorption (transfer to cells), elimination (expelling wastes)
? ? is the inability to control bowels
fecal incontinence
constipation is the inability to eliminate ?
tx typically includes increasing ? intake and the use of an ?
stool, fiber, enema
? are enlarged veins in the rectum that cause itching and burning
hemorrhoids
an artificial opening in the body is a
stoma
? are organs that secrete hormones
? are chemicals the control bodily functions
glands, hormones
? occurs when the pancreas can produce no insulin
diabetes
a ? pan is a bedpan used for those who cannot raise their hips and is much flatter than a bedpan
fracture
a portable ? is a chair with a toilet seat and a removable container underneath used for residents who can get out of bed but cannot walk to the bathroom
portable commode
a ? ? is a safety device used to transfer residents who are weak, uncoordinated, or unsteady.
transfer (gait) belt
people tend to have ? temps in the morning and ? temps in the evening
lower, higher
the pulse is the number of ? in a minute
each respiration consists of an ? and ?
heartbeats
inspiration, expiration
? is a sample used to diagnose
? means urinates
a ? is used to collect/catch specimens
specimen, voids, hat
?= drains urine from bladder
?= inserted to drain and immediately removed thereafter
?= remains for a period of time
?= fits into penis with a specific type of tape (smaller version called a ? bag)
urinary, straight indwelling, condom, leg
