test 3 review Flashcards
? Contact – Through physical contact with an infected person (e.g., skin-to-skin contact, kissing, sexual transmission).
? Contact – Via contaminated objects (fomites) such as doorknobs, utensils, medical equipment, or shared personal items.
? Transmission – Through droplets or aerosols expelled when coughing, sneezing, or talking, which can be inhaled by others.
? Transmission – Large respiratory droplets that travel short distances and land on mucous membranes (e.g., flu, COVID-19).
direct, indirect, airborne, droplet
? Transmission – Through contaminated drinking water, leading to diseases like cholera and typhoid.
? Transmission – Consuming contaminated food (e.g., Salmonella, E. coli, norovirus).
?-? Transmission – Spread through insects like mosquitoes (malaria, dengue) and ticks (Lyme disease).
?-? Route – Pathogens in fecal matter entering the body through contaminated hands, food, or water.
? Transmission – Spread from animals to humans (e.g., rabies, avian flu).
waterborne, foodborne, vector-borne, fecal-oral, zoonotic
signs and symptoms of an infection:
fever, chills, constipation, fatigue, pain, swelling, cough, sore throat, runny/stuffy nose, dehydration, redness
risk factors for infection:
Weakened Immune System, Chronic Diseases, Age, Poor Hygiene, Invasive Medical Procedures, Close Contact with, Infected Individuals, Environmental Factors, Nutritional Deficiencies, Smoking and Alcohol Use, Medication, Wounds or Breaks in the Skin, Stress
types of PPE:
gloves, masks, gowns, face shields, goggles, shoe covers, head covers
Disposable equipment is used in healthcare facilities to prevent ?, maintain ?, and ensure patient ?. It eliminates the risk of ?-? since it is used once and then discarded. Additionally, it saves time and resources by reducing the need for ? and ensuring compliance with infection control protocols.
infection, hygiene, safety, cross-contamination, sterilization
What do microorganisms need to survive?
Nutrients
Moisture
Warmth
Oxygen
Darkness
Where is a person’s call light placed?
within reach
what can and cannot be placed on a resident’s overbed table?
Only CLEAN things should be placed on here (trays, personal belongings, etc.) ; bedpans, urinals, soiled linen, etc. is NEVER placed on the overbed table
where is dirty linen placed before taking it to the soiled utility?
in the dirty linen container
how should dirty linen be removed from a bed?
by folding it inwards ensuring bodily fluids and contaminants are inside and w/o shaking
The purpose of draw sheets is to assist in ? or transferring a patient, provide comfort and protection to the mattress from ?, and prevent skin ? and shearing during movement. They help in maintaining patient ? and dignity while reducing strain on caregivers.
repositioning, soiling, friction, safety
Beds are usually made when?
in the morning after assistance with personal care, after patient transfers, after the patient has been helped out of bed or while they are in a comfortable position (sitting in a chair)
The toe tuck keeps bed linens smooth and secure at the foot of the bed, preventing ? and ? on the feet for patient comfort.
wrinkles, pressure
when should call light be answered?
immediately
purpose of the privacy curtains:
to provide privacy for patients during personal care or medical procedures
when should an occupied bed be made?
when wet, damp, overly wrinkled, and whenever your facility requires it
purpose of a back massage and how long should it last:
relax muscles, relieve pain, increase circulation; 3-5 minutes
The purpose of a bed bath is to…
maintain hygiene, promote comfort, stimulate circulation, and enhance relaxation
purpose of good personal hygiene:
maintain cleanliness, prevent infection, promote physical and mental well-being, and enhance comfort and confidence
what is perineal care?
care of the genital and anal area
factors that influence hygiene practices:
cultural and social norms, health conditions, access to resources, education and knowledge, personal habits and preferences, psychological factors like self-esteem and mental health, environment and living conditions, age and physical ability, lifestyle and daily routines
ways to ensure bath water is not too hot for resident:
use thermometer, NA tests water using inside of wrist, client tests water
purpose of a partial bath:
The purpose of a partial bath is to clean specific areas of the body that are prone to sweat, dirt, or odor. Partial baths are often used for individuals who are unable to bathe fully due to physical limitations, illness, or time constraints.
body’s first line of defense against disease is the ?.
skin
body position used for back massage
side-lying or prone (stomach)
direction for perineal care of a woman:
front to back, labia majora then labia minora
when should fingernails be cleaned?
when nails are dirty, have jagged edges, or whenever assigned
a sponge swabs are used for people who are ?
unconscious
when should a person receive their bath?
face, hands, underarms, and perineum (daily); complete bath: every other day or less often; overall preferably in the morning
list some abnormal oral findings that need to be reported to the nurse:
redness, swelling, pain, blisters, bleeding, irritation, flaky white spots, ulcers, white gums, bad breath, fruity breath
change the water during a complete bath when ?, ?, or ?
cold, soapy, dirty
if u nick a resident while shaving them your first action should be to ?
apply gentle pressure with a clean gauze or tissue to stop the bleeding
first sign of a pressure ulcer developing is
redness, discoloration, edema, pain
skin tears are caused by what?
friction, shearing, or trauma to fragile skin
who is at greatest risk or for pressure ulcers?
those with restricted mobility
ways to prevent pressure ulcers:
repositioning every 2 hours, skin massages, frequent skin care, be gentle during transfers, encouraging proper nutrition and hydration
what are the areas most susceptible to pressure injuries?
bony prominences, (elbows, shoulder blades, tailbone, hips, knees, ankles, heels, toes, back of head, ears
