TEST 4 (Chapter 16 Flashcards
A model for journalism and speech that tolerates little public dissent or criticism of government; it holds that the general public needs guidance from an elite and educated ruling class
Authoritarian model
A model for journalism and speech that places control in the hands of an enlightened government, which speaks for ordinary citizens and workers in order to serve the common goals of the state.
communist or state model
a model for journalism and speech, influenced by the libertarian model, that encourages the free flow of information to citizens so they can make wise decisions about political and often more social issues.
social responsibility model
The notion that the press operates as an unofficial branch of government, monitoring the legislative, judicial and executive branches for abuses of power.
Fourth Estate
a model for journalism and speech that encourages vigorous government criticism and supports the highest degree of freedom for individual speech and news operations.
Libertarian model
The legal definition of censorship in the United States; it prohibits courts and governments from blocking any publication or speech before it actually occurs.
prior restraint
the legal right of authors and producers to own and control the use of their published or unpublished writing, music, and lyrics; TV programs and movies’ or graphic art designs.
copyright
The end of the copyright period for a work, at which point the public may begin to access it for free.
public domain
In media law, the defamation of character in written expression.
libel
In law, spoken language that defames a person’s character.
slander
In libel law, a reckless disregard for the truth, such as when a reporter or an editor knows that a statement is false and prints or airs it anyway.
actual malice
A legal right allowing journalists to report judicial or legislative proceedings even though the public statements being reported may be libelous.
qualified privilege
A defense against libel that states that libel applies only to intentional misstatements of factual information rather than to statements of opinion.
opinion and fair comment
Expression that is not protected as speech if these three legal tests are met:
- the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that the material as a whole appeals to prurient interest;
- the material depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way
- the material, as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
obscenity
Addresses a person’s right to be left alone, without his or her name, image, or daily activities becoming public property
right to privacy
