TEST 2 (Chapter 5)

Question 1

invented in the 1840s, it sent electrical impulses through a cable from a transmitter to a reception point, transmitting Morse code.

Answer 1

telegraph

Question 2

a system of sending electrical impulses from a transmitter through a cable to a reception point; developed by the American inventor Samuel Morse.

Answer 2

morse code

Question 3

invisible electronic impulses similar to visible light; electricity, magnetism, light, broadcast signals, and heat are part of such waves, which radiate in space at the speed of light, about 186,000 miles per second.

Answer 3

electromagnetic waves

Question 4

a portion of the electromagnetic wave spectrum that was harnessed so that signals could be sent from a transmission point and obtained at a reception point

Answer 4

radio waves

Question 5

the forerunner of radio, a form of voiceless point-to-point communication; it preceded the voice and sound transmissions of one-to many mass communication that became known as broadcasting.

Answer 5

wireless telegraphy

Question 6

early experiments in wireless voice and music transmissions, which later developed into modern radio.

Answer 6

wireless telephony

Question 7

the transmission of radio waves or TV signals to a boat public audience.

Answer 7

broadcasting

Question 8

any specialized electronic programming or media channel aimed at a target audience.

Answer 8

narrowcasting

Question 9

the first radio legislation passed by Congress, it addressed the problem of amateur radio operators cramming the airwaves.

Answer 9

Radio Act of 1912

Question 10

a company developed during World War 1 that was designed, with government approval, to pool radio patents; the formation of RCA gave the United States almost total control over the emerging mass medium of broadcasting.

Answer 10

Radio Corporation of America

Question 11

a broadcast process that links, through special phone lines or satellite transmissions, groups of radio or TV stations that share programming produced at a central location.

Answer 11

Network

Question 12

a business tactic, now illegal, whereby a radio network in the 1920s and 1930s paid an affiliate station a set fee per hour for an option to control programming and advertising on that station.

Answer 12

option time

Question 13

the second radio legislation passed by Congress, in an attempt to restore order to the airwaves, the act stated that licensees did not own their channels but could license them if they operated to serve the “public interests, convenience, or necessity”.

Answer 13

Radio Act of 1927

Question 14

a body established in 1927 to oversee radio licenses and negotiate channel problems.

Answer 14

Federal Radio Commission

Question 15

the far-reaching act that established the Federal Communication Commissions and the federal regulatory structure for U.S. broadcasting.

Answer 15

Communications Act of 1934

Question 16

an independent U.S. government agency charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, cable, and the Internet.

Answer 16

Federal Communications Commission

Question 17

invented by Bell Laboratories in 1947, these tiny pieces of technology, which receive and amplify radio signals, make portable radios possible.

Answer 17

transistors

Question 18

frequency modulation; a type of radio and sound transmission that offers static-less reception and greater fidelity and clarity than AM radio by accentuating the pitch or distance between radio waves.

Answer 18

FM

Question 19

amplitude modulation; a type of radio and sound transmission that stresses the volume or height of radio waves.

Answer 19

AM

Question 20

the concept of stations developing and playing specific styles (or formats) geared to listeners’ age, race, or gender; in format radio, management, rather than deejays, controls programming choices

Answer 20

format radio

Question 21

In format radio programming, the practice of playing the most popular or best-selling songs many times throughout the day.

Answer 21

rotation

Question 22

n radio programming, the periods between 6-10am and 4-7pm, when people are commuting to and from work or school; these periods constitute the largest listening audiences of the day.

Answer 22

drive time

Question 23

the fastest-growing radio format in the 1990s, dominated by news programs or talk shows.

Answer 23

news/talk/information

Question 24

a radio broadcasting foundation established in Berkeley, California, by journalist and World War 11 pacifist Lewis Hill; he established KFPA, the first nonprofit community radio station, in 1949.

Answer 24

Pacifica Foundation

Question 25

noncommercial radio established in 1967 by the U.S. Congress to provide an alternative to commercial radio

Answer 25

National Public Radio

Question 26

noncommercial television established in 1967 by the U.S. Congress to provide an alternative to commercial television.

Answer 26

Public Broadcasting Service

Question 27

The act by the U.S. Congress that established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which oversees the Public Broadcast Service and National Public Radio.

Answer 27

Public Broadcasting Act of 1967

Question 28

a private nonprofit corporation created by Congress in 1967 to funnel federal funds to nonprofit radio and public television.

Answer 28

Corporation for Public Broadcasting

Question 29

a digital technology that enables AM and FM radio broadcasters to multicast two or three additional compressed digital signals within their traditional analog frequency.
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Answer 29

HD radio

Question 30

the unethical (but not always illegal) practice of record promoters paying deejays or radio programmers to favor particular songs over others.

Answer 30

payola

Question 31

a new class of noncommercial radio stations approved by the FCC in 2000 to give voice to local groups lacking access to the public airwaves; the 10-watt and 100-watt stations broadcast to a small, community-based area.

Answer 31

low-power FM

Question 32

the sweeping update of telecommunications law that led to a wave of media consultation.

Answer 32

Telecommunications Act of 1996