Test 4 Flashcards
The preparedness theory of phobia suggests that:
A. there is a critical time period in which the body prepares for a phobic episode
B. we learn to fear objects because of classical conditioning
C. more women than men experience phobic disorders
D. we are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears
D. we are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia appear to be produced by
A. extremely low levels of dopamine.
B. extremely high levels of dopamine.
C. neuroanatomical deficits.
D. the gene for schizophrenia.
C. neuroanatomical deficits.
The various psychotropic medications that influence neurotransmitter levels in the synaptic cleft do so by
A. an excitatory effect
B. an inhibitory effect
C. preventiing the breakdown of released neurotransmitters
D. all of the options apply
D. all of the options apply
________ is characterized by the presence within an individual of two or more distinct identities that at different times take control of the individual’s behavior.
A. Dissociative identity disorder
B. Dissociative amnesia
C. Dissociative fugue
D. Schizophrenia
A. Dissociative identity disorder
The existence of critical and sensitive periods illustrates the fact that human development requires a(n) __________ between maturation and environmental stimulation.
A. parallelism
B. segregation
C. dependency
D. interaction
D. interaction
Rogers encouraged therapists to demonstrate three basic qualities. Which of the following is one of the three that he identified.
A. discrepancy.
B. actualization.
C. congruence.
D. irrationality.
C. congruence.
A child who is in the concrete operational stage of cognitive development can do all of the following EXCEPT
A. conserve volume.
B. conserve number.
C. reason symbolically.
D. reason hypothetically.
D. reason hypothetically.
Anna-Karina hears voices in her head that tell her what to do and what to say. She is experiencing
A. delusions.
B. hallucinations.
C. thought distortions.
D. compulsions.
B. hallucinations.
Sigmund Freud used all the following methods to tap into the unconscious except:
A. hypnosis
B. free association
C. desensitization
D. dream analysis
C. desensitization
The diathesis-stress model of mental disorders holds that mental disorders are due to the interaction of
A. environment and stressors.
B. genetic and physiological variables.
C. genetic variables and predisposition.
D. a genetic predisposition and stressors.
D. a genetic predisposition and stressors.
Erin is a neuropsychologist who specializes in researching mental disorders. She views most disorders as being due to the interaction of stress with a predisposition that reflects the combination of genes and early experience. Erin subscribes to the __________ model of mental disorders.
A. genotype-phenotype
B. medical-psychodynamic
C. ultimate-proximate
D. diathesis-stress
D. diathesis-stress
Consider the brief transcript that follows, which was taken from a session with a therapist (T) involving a 19-year-old college student (C) suffering from anxiety. C: “Sometimes I can’t stand school. There’s so much pressure and so many tests and papers; the work never seems to end. There’s always another deadline to meet. It’s really getting to me.” T: Sounds to me like you’re saying that you need a break, perhaps a long weekend at the beach?” What therapeutic technique did the therapist demonstrate?
A. Systematic desensitization
B. Cognitive restructuring
C. Reflection
D. Congruence
C. Reflection
One day Satsu realized that a horse was not really a “big doggie” but a different animal called a “horse.” This is an example of
A. schematic knowledge.
B. adaptation.
C. accommodation.
D. assimilation.
C. accommodation.
Diathesis can be defined as:
A. a triggering event such as stress
B. a disease
C. a predisposition for a disease
D. the heritability of a disease
C. a predisposition for a disease
An individual in the manic phase of bipolar disorder sometimes may have hallucinations or delusions, and therefore the disorder may be misdiagnosed as:
A. paranoid personality disorder
B. dissociative fugue
C. schizophrenia
D. dissociative identity disorder
C. schizophrenia
Modern intelligence testing originated in __________ with the work of __________.
A. France; Binet
B. the United States; Terman
C. Germany; Pearson
D. England; Spearman
A. France; Binet
The ability to generate solutions that other people tend not to generate is what Sternberg called:
A. analytic intelligence
B. creative intelligence
C. practical intelligence
D. crystallized intelligence
B. creative intelligence
__________ refers to a social and emotional bond between an infant and his or her caregiver.
A. Exchange
B. Bonding
C. Love
D. Attachment
D. Attachment
The heritability coefficient of intelligence is roughly 0.5, meaning:
A. 50% chance of intelligence due to genetics and 50% is due to environmental factors.
B. 50% chance of intelligence due to genetics and 50% is due to unspecified factors.
C. intelligence is completely determined by genes in 50% of the population
D. in a large population, about 50% of the variability in intelligence scores can be explained by genetic differences
D. in a large population, about 50% of the variability in intelligence scores can be explained by genetic differences
The first episode of schizophrenia typically occurs in which age group?
A. infancy to childhood
B. childhood to adolescence
C. late adolescence to early adulthood
D. adulthood
C. late adolescence to early adulthood
________ believed that intelligence is a single general ability, whereas _________ believed that people do not have a single general ability called intelligence, but instead have several primary mental abilities.
A. Charles Spearman; Louis Thurstone
B. Wilhelm Wundt; Howard Gardner
C. Lewis Terman; Alfred Binet
D. Louis Thrustone; William Stern
A. Charles Spearman; Louis Thurstone
Which of the following is sometimes used as a treatment for severe depression when medication is not working?
A. cingulotomy
B. anterior capsulotomy
C. electroconvulsive shock treatment (ECT)
D. lobotomy
C. electroconvulsive shock treatment (ECT)
Piaget’s concept of egocentrism refers to the child’s
A. belief that she or he is more important than anyone else.
B. desire to be at the center of every else’s interest.
C. belief that others see the world exactly as she or he does.
D. assumption that everyone understands what she or he is saying.
C. belief that others see the world exactly as she or he does.
________ is characterized by the presence within an individual of two or more distinct identities that at different times take control of the individual’s behavior.
A. Dissociative identity disorder
B. Dissociative amnesia
C. Dissociative fugue
D. Schizophrenia
A. Dissociative identity disorder