Biological Bases of Behavior: Neurons and Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

Structure of Neuron

A
  • Cell body
  • Neucleus
  • Axon (with terminal buttons)
  • Dendrites
  • Myelin Sheath
  • Nodes of Ranvier
    • saltatory conduction
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2
Q

Myelin

A
  • White matter
    • covered with myelin
  • Gray matter
    • bundles of neurons without myelin sheath
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3
Q

3 Types of Neurons:

A
  1. Afferent Neurons (sensory)
  2. Efferent Neurons (motor)
  3. Interneurons
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4
Q

Glial Cells

A
  • Provide nutirents
  • Clean up waste
  • Hold neurons in place
  • Insulate neurons
  • Remove dead neurons

Neurons are specialized and can’t maintain themselves

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5
Q

Types of Glial Cells:

A
  • Microglia
    • respond to infections and nervous system damage
  • Astrocytes
    • provide nutrients
    • clean up waste
    • hold neurons in place
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6
Q

Schwann Cells

A

perifory

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7
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Central Nervous System

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8
Q

Neural transmission

A

Takes around 2-3 milliseconds

  1. Resting potential
  2. Stimulus threshold
  3. Ions Cross membrane
  4. refractory period
  5. Resting Potential
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9
Q

Neural Coding

A
  • All or nothing
    • fequency
    • pattern of firing
      • some neurons fire; others don’t
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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Neurotransmitter Release Processes

A
  • Excitatory
    • Depolarizing
    • Encourage the post-synaptic firing
  • Inhibitory
    • hyperpolarizing
    • Discourage post-synaptic firing
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12
Q

Glutamate

A
  • Excitatory
  • NMDA and AMPA receptors
  • Sensory Neurons
  • Learning
  • Deactivated by alcohol
  • Precursor for GABA
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13
Q

GABA (Gamma-amino-butyric acid)

A
  • Inhibitory
  • Anxiety regulation
  • Learning
  • GABA receptor sites stimulated
    • alcohol
    • Barbituates
    • Benzodiazapines
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14
Q

Neuromodulators

A
  • Accentuate or diminish transmitters
    • Agonist- accentuators
    • Antagonists- diminishers
  • Endorphins
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15
Q

Endorphins

A
  • Inhibitory
  • Pain regulation
  • Opioids
  • Blocked by nalotone
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16
Q

Other influences

A
  • Reuptake
    • presynaptic absorption of unused neurotransmitters
  • Enzymatic deactivation
    • enzymatic neutralization of neurotransmitters
  • Autoreceptors
    • receptors on pre-synaptic neuron
17
Q

Learning

A
  • Altered connections
  • Pruning
  • Plasticity
  • Neurogenesis
18
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A
  • Somatic
  • Autonomic Nervous System
    • Sympathetic NS
      • fight or flight
    • Parasympathetic NS
      • rest and digest
19
Q

Central Nervous System

A
  • Surrounded By:
    • Cerebral Spinal Fluid
      • Ventricles
    • Meniniges
      • Blood-Brain Barrier
20
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Higher order processing

21
Q

Brain

A

Most prominent