Biological Bases of Behavior: Neurons and Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
Structure of Neuron
A
- Cell body
- Neucleus
- Axon (with terminal buttons)
- Dendrites
- Myelin Sheath
- Nodes of Ranvier
- saltatory conduction
2
Q
Myelin
A
- White matter
- covered with myelin
- Gray matter
- bundles of neurons without myelin sheath
3
Q
3 Types of Neurons:
A
- Afferent Neurons (sensory)
- Efferent Neurons (motor)
- Interneurons
4
Q
Glial Cells
A
- Provide nutirents
- Clean up waste
- Hold neurons in place
- Insulate neurons
- Remove dead neurons
Neurons are specialized and can’t maintain themselves
5
Q
Types of Glial Cells:
A
- Microglia
- respond to infections and nervous system damage
- Astrocytes
- provide nutrients
- clean up waste
- hold neurons in place
6
Q
Schwann Cells
A
perifory
7
Q
Oligodendrocytes
A
Central Nervous System
8
Q
Neural transmission
A
Takes around 2-3 milliseconds
- Resting potential
- Stimulus threshold
- Ions Cross membrane
- refractory period
- Resting Potential
9
Q
Neural Coding
A
- All or nothing
- fequency
- pattern of firing
- some neurons fire; others don’t
10
Q
A
11
Q
Neurotransmitter Release Processes
A
- Excitatory
- Depolarizing
- Encourage the post-synaptic firing
- Inhibitory
- hyperpolarizing
- Discourage post-synaptic firing
12
Q
Glutamate
A
- Excitatory
- NMDA and AMPA receptors
- Sensory Neurons
- Learning
- Deactivated by alcohol
- Precursor for GABA
13
Q
GABA (Gamma-amino-butyric acid)
A
- Inhibitory
- Anxiety regulation
- Learning
- GABA receptor sites stimulated
- alcohol
- Barbituates
- Benzodiazapines
14
Q
Neuromodulators
A
- Accentuate or diminish transmitters
- Agonist- accentuators
- Antagonists- diminishers
- Endorphins
15
Q
Endorphins
A
- Inhibitory
- Pain regulation
- Opioids
- Blocked by nalotone
16
Q
Other influences
A
- Reuptake
- presynaptic absorption of unused neurotransmitters
- Enzymatic deactivation
- enzymatic neutralization of neurotransmitters
- Autoreceptors
- receptors on pre-synaptic neuron
17
Q
Learning
A
- Altered connections
- Pruning
- Plasticity
- Neurogenesis
18
Q
Peripheral Nervous System
A
- Somatic
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Sympathetic NS
- fight or flight
- Parasympathetic NS
- rest and digest
- Sympathetic NS
19
Q
Central Nervous System
A
- Surrounded By:
- Cerebral Spinal Fluid
- Ventricles
- Meniniges
- Blood-Brain Barrier
- Cerebral Spinal Fluid
20
Q
Spinal Cord
A
Higher order processing
21
Q
Brain
A
Most prominent
