Test 4

Question 1

You and your friend were equally exposed to a virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquired flu-like symptoms and was ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?

Answer 1

You had an immunological memory of that virus.

Question 2

Which of the following indicates a diagnosis of hypertension in adults?

Answer 2

blood pressure being greater than 140 mm Hg systolic and/or greater than 90 mm Hg diastolic

Question 3

Which of the following represents the correct flow of air into the lung of a mammal?

Answer 3

larnyx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

Question 4

Which biological membranes must atmospheric molecules of oxygen cross to become bound to hemoglobin for transport in mammals?

Answer 4

five membranes (in and out of the cell lining the lung, in and out of the endothelial cell lining an alveolar capillary, and into the red blood cell)

Question 5

A boy falls while riding his bike. A scrape on his hand almost immediately begins to bleed and becomes red, warm, and swollen. Which type of response is most consistent with these symptoms?

Answer 5

inflammatory response

Question 6

Clonal selection and differentiation of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to the production of ________.

Answer 6

short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen

Question 7

Vertebrate immune cells, which are phagocytic, include which of the following?

I) neutrophils

II) macrophages

III) dendritic cells

IV) natural killer cells

Answer 7

I, II, and III

Question 8

Which of the following statements correctly compares respiration in fish and in mammals?

Answer 8

The movement of the respiratory medium in mammals is bidirectional, but in fish it is unidirectional.

Question 9

A nonfunctional CD4 protein on a helper T cell would result in the helper T cell being unable to ________.

Answer 9

interact with a class II MHC-antigen complex

Question 10

Which of the following is a normal event in the process of blood clotting?

Answer 10

activation of prothrombin to thrombin

Question 10

Which of the following are typical features of an inflammatory response?

Answer 10

increased activity of phagocytes in an inflamed area

Question 11

Which statement is true about innate immunity?

Answer 11

Innate immunity is the first, and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens.

Question 12

The velocity of blood flow lowest in capillaries because ________.

Answer 12

the total cross-sectional area is greater in the capillaries than in any other part of the circulatory system

Question 13

Which of the following best describes how an organism senses a disturbance in gas levels?

Answer 13

the medulla oblongata, which is in contact with cerebrospinal fluid, monitors pH and uses this measure to control breathing

Question 14

Some human infants, especially those born prematurely, suffer serious respiratory failure because of ________.

Answer 14

lung collapse due to inadequate production of surfactant

Question 15

Which of the following results in the greatest blood pressure in the mammalian aorta?

Answer 15

systole of the left ventricle

Question 16

Which statement best describes what happens to the carbon dioxide produced by humans?

Answer 16

It is converted to bicarbonate ions.

Question 17

T cells of the immune system include ________.

Answer 17

cytotoxic and helper cells

Question 18

An organism that lacks their thymus would ________.

Answer 18

be unable to differentiate and mature T cells

Question 19

Mucus occurs in both the respiratory and digestive tracts. Which answer best describes the main immunological function of mucus?

Answer 19

to physically trap pathogens