Test 2 Flashcards
Which of the following statements describes how healthy corals appear brightly colored?
they host symbionts with colorful photosynthetic pigments
Why do large animals need specialized organs for gas exchange?
volume increases more rapidly than surface area as size increases
Which of the following best explains how mycorrhizal fungi are more efficient than plants at acquiring mineral nutrition from the soil?
Fungi secrete extracellular enzymes that can break down large molecules.
A researcher is studying animals on a previously undiscovered island, home to many unfamiliar organisms, and decides to survey them using the research equipment at hand. The researcher observes them in detail, and makes the notations shown in the table.
Which organism would you classify as an animal?
Hard and branched, multicellular, covered in a sticky coating
Attached to rocky surfaces
Traps insects in sticky coating and ingests them
No mating; releases winged young that fly off and affix to bare rocks
Which of the following processes contributed the most to the successful evolution of the millions of animal species?
development of multicellularity
You find a multi-legged animal in your garden and want to determine if it is a centipede or a millipede. Which of the following characteristics would allow you to make this distinction?
poisonous claws
As you are walking along a beach, you find an animal and believe that it belongs to the class Asteroidea. Which of the following characteristics would support your hypothesis that the animal is a sea star and not another type of echinoderm?
it has five or more appendages.
Which of the following statements describes a difference between seed plants and ferns?
seed plants produce two kinds of spores
Which one of these mollusc groups is classified as suspension feeders?
bivalves
Which of the following structures carries out sexual reproduction in ascomycetes?
ascocarps
Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body?
Arthropoda
The heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a hemocoel, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm belong?
Nematoda
Which of the following statements correctly describes one difference between nematodes and arthropods?
arthropods have an open circulatory system while nematodes do not have a circulatory system
Against which of the following do the circular and longitudinal muscles of annelids work?
hydrostatic skeleton
The most important adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is ________.
an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition
Which of the following is a characteristic of all angiosperms?
double internal fertilization
What do many organisms with deuterostome development have in common?
The blastopore formed during gastrulation becomes the anus.
Which of the following statements applies to both nematodes and arthropods?
grow in conjunction with shedding of their exoskeleton
Which of the following organisms is most likely classified as something other than an animal?
choanoflagellate
For smaller Pancrustacea, gas exchange occurs through
Cuticle
Suppose that the cells of seed plants, like the cells of human skin, produce a pigment upon increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Which of the following types of plant cells is most likely to produce this pigment?
epidermal cells of sporophyte megaphylls
Which of the following is not a part of the mollusc’s body plan?
Ear
Which of the following characteristics is exhibited by the water vascular system of echinoderms?
it functions in locomotion and feeding
In the earthworm body plan, the digestive system can be described as a “tube-within-a-tube.” Where would you expect to find most of the tissues that developed from endoderm?
Lining the straw
If an organism exhibits a head with sensory structures, which of the following characteristics would it likely also exhibit?
it is bilaterally symmetrical
Which of the following are present in angiosperms but not in gymnosperms?
ovaries
Which of the following describes a reproductive strategy in yeast?
they pinch off “bud cells” that are smaller than the parent cell
Which of the following statements about bryozoans (ectoprocts) is correct?
Bryozoans build reefs and have lophophores that extend through a hard exoskeleton.
Suppose a researcher for a pest-control company developed a chemical that inhibited the development of an embryonic mosquito’s endodermal cells. Which of the following best explains the effectiveness of the pesticide?
The mosquito would have trouble digesting food, due to impaired gut function.
Which of the following characteristics is shared by both cnidarians and flatworms?
a digestive system with a single opening
It has been hypothesized that fungi and plants have a mutualistic relationship because plants make sugars available for the fungi’s use. What is the best evidence in support of this hypothesis?
Radioactively labeled sugars produced by plants eventually show up in the fungi with which they are associated.
Which of the following organisms uses a lophophore for feeding?
ectoproct
Which of the following statements correctly describes deuteromycetes?
they are the group of fungi that have, at present, no known sexual stage
Stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone scales are types of which of the following structures?
modified leaves
Which of the following statements describes an adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia?
an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition
You find a new species of worm and want to classify it. Which of the following lines of evidence would allow you to classify the worm as a nematode and not an annelid?
It sheds its external skeleton to grow.
Which of the following types of fungi often live in the digestive tracts of sheep and cattle?
chytrids
In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy. Which conclusion is most consistent with this information?
It results in heterokaryotic or dikaryotic cells.
Which of the following statements about the pine life cycle is correct?
Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes.
What are the filamentous mats formed by most fungi called?
Mycelia
Which phyla are all included in the group lophotrochozoans?
Platyhelminths, Ectoprocta, Syndermata
Which of the following arranges the structures from largest to smallest, assuming that they belong to two generations of the same angiosperm?
carpel, ovary, ovule, embryo sac, egg
Which of the following structures in insects functions in gas exchange?
spiracles
Which of the following could best be investigated by measuring fruit production in plants?
pollination success
A fungal spore germinates, giving rise to a mycelium that grows outward into the soil surrounding the site where the spore originally landed. Which of the following accounts for the outward growth of the mycelium?
cytoplasmic streaming in hyphae
