Test 3 Flashcards
Which of the following properties are displayed by cardiac muscle cells?
striated appearance and presence of intercalated disks
Which of the following characteristics is exhibited by both monotremes and marsupials?
have some embryonic development outside the uterus
When used appropriately by a patient, antibiotic treatment can effectively reduce bacteria populations and help fight infections. However, antibiotic treatments can have unintended effects. What is one concern when using antibiotics?
Antibiotics may also kill the beneficial bacteria of the microbiome, thereby disrupting digestive health.
Nutrient-rich blood from the intestine is carried to the liver via which vessel?
hepatic portal vein
Which of these groups of organisms are amniotes?
turtles
Over-the-counter medications for acid reflux or heartburn block the production of stomach acid. Which of the following cells are directly affected by this medication?
parietal cells
Which of the following statements correctly describes peristalsis?
It results from smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus.
Which of following reproductive strategies in mammals involves the mother laying eggs that hatch outside of her body?
oviparous reproduction
Which of the following correctly describes the function of chylomicrons?
to transport lipids from the intestine to adipose tissue
Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?
small intestine–polysaccharide digestion
If you found a vertebrate skull in the woods and the teeth were sharp and scissor-like, which type of food would you expect this animal to eat?
animal flesh
The body’s automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed as ________.
homeostasis
It is important for pregnant women to consume folic acid supplements because ________.
folic acid deprivation is associated with neural tube defects in a fetus
Constipation can result from the consumption of a substance that ________.
promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine
What converts pepsinogen to its active form in the stomach?
HCl
Which of these characteristics contributed the most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments?
the shelled, amniotic egg
Which process does the large surface area in the intestine make more efficient?
absorption
Measuring which of the following amounts would most accurately determine the metabolic rate of an animal?
the energy used by an animal in a given time
If a person travels to a time zone that was several hours ahead of their own, they may experience tiredness known as jet lag. Jet lag is due to a disruption of ________.
circadian rhythm
Which statement best describes why mechanical digestion, the process of breaking down large chunks of food into smaller pieces, is an important digestive process?
Because smaller pieces of food have more surface area for chemical digestion than do larger pieces of food
Elephants can often be observed using their trunks to spray water over their bodies, which cools them. What type of heat exchange does this process promote?
evaporation
Which of the following organisms is most likely to have the highest total annual energy expenditure?
elephant
What tissue lines most exchange surfaces of multicellular animals?
epithelial tissue
Which principle of heat exchange best explains why birds fluff their feathers in colder weather?
Fluffing creates a pocket of air near the bird that acts as insulation.
If you exercise, which stored fuel do you use first?
liver glycogen and muscle glycogen
Which structure of the amniotic egg most closely surrounds the embryo?
the amnion
Which of the following is a difference between vitamins and minerals?
Vitamins are organic molecules, but minerals are inorganic molecules.
Which of the following options best describes the structure of bone?
a mixture of hardened collagen and minerals.
In mammals, growth hormone is an endocrine signaling molecule that stimulates repair and growth of various tissues. Which of the following is required for a tissue to respond to growth hormone?
the presence of a growth hormone receptor
What is the importance of the mucus that is released by salivary glands?
It consists of glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the esophagus.
Which type of muscle directly helps move food along the digestive tract?
smooth muscle
Which of the following structures do vertebrates and tunicates both possess?
a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Which of the following was a trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods?
feet with digits
Which statement best describes why cells of the digestive system secrete proteolytic enzymes, such as pepsin, in their inactive forms?
These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between sharks and ray-finned fishes?
They have a lateral line that is sensitive to vibrations.
