Test 3

Question 1

Which of the following properties are displayed by cardiac muscle cells?

Answer 1

striated appearance and presence of intercalated disks

Question 2

Which of the following characteristics is exhibited by both monotremes and marsupials?

Answer 2

have some embryonic development outside the uterus

Question 3

When used appropriately by a patient, antibiotic treatment can effectively reduce bacteria populations and help fight infections. However, antibiotic treatments can have unintended effects. What is one concern when using antibiotics?

Answer 3

Antibiotics may also kill the beneficial bacteria of the microbiome, thereby disrupting digestive health.

Question 4

Nutrient-rich blood from the intestine is carried to the liver via which vessel?

Answer 4

hepatic portal vein

Question 5

Which of these groups of organisms are amniotes?

Answer 5

turtles

Question 6

Over-the-counter medications for acid reflux or heartburn block the production of stomach acid. Which of the following cells are directly affected by this medication?

Answer 6

parietal cells

Question 7

Which of the following statements correctly describes peristalsis?

Answer 7

It results from smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus.

Question 8

Which of following reproductive strategies in mammals involves the mother laying eggs that hatch outside of her body?

Answer 8

oviparous reproduction

Question 9

Which of the following correctly describes the function of chylomicrons?

Answer 9

to transport lipids from the intestine to adipose tissue

Question 10

Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

Answer 10

small intestine–polysaccharide digestion

Question 11

If you found a vertebrate skull in the woods and the teeth were sharp and scissor-like, which type of food would you expect this animal to eat?

Answer 11

animal flesh

Question 12

The body’s automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed as ________.

Answer 12

homeostasis

Question 13

It is important for pregnant women to consume folic acid supplements because ________.

Answer 13

folic acid deprivation is associated with neural tube defects in a fetus

Question 14

Constipation can result from the consumption of a substance that ________.

Answer 14

promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine

Question 15

What converts pepsinogen to its active form in the stomach?

Answer 15

HCl

Question 16

Which of these characteristics contributed the most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments?

Answer 16

the shelled, amniotic egg

Question 17

Which process does the large surface area in the intestine make more efficient?

Answer 17

absorption

Question 18

Measuring which of the following amounts would most accurately determine the metabolic rate of an animal?

Answer 18

the energy used by an animal in a given time

Question 19

If a person travels to a time zone that was several hours ahead of their own, they may experience tiredness known as jet lag. Jet lag is due to a disruption of ________.

Answer 19

circadian rhythm

Question 20

Which statement best describes why mechanical digestion, the process of breaking down large chunks of food into smaller pieces, is an important digestive process?

Answer 20

Because smaller pieces of food have more surface area for chemical digestion than do larger pieces of food

Question 21

Elephants can often be observed using their trunks to spray water over their bodies, which cools them. What type of heat exchange does this process promote?

Answer 21

evaporation

Question 22

Which of the following organisms is most likely to have the highest total annual energy expenditure?

Answer 22

elephant

Question 23

What tissue lines most exchange surfaces of multicellular animals?

Answer 23

epithelial tissue

Question 24

Which principle of heat exchange best explains why birds fluff their feathers in colder weather?

Answer 24

Fluffing creates a pocket of air near the bird that acts as insulation.

Question 25

If you exercise, which stored fuel do you use first?

Answer 25

liver glycogen and muscle glycogen

Question 26

Which structure of the amniotic egg most closely surrounds the embryo?

Answer 26

the amnion

Question 27

Which of the following is a difference between vitamins and minerals?

Answer 27

Vitamins are organic molecules, but minerals are inorganic molecules.

Question 28

Which of the following options best describes the structure of bone?

Answer 28

a mixture of hardened collagen and minerals.

Question 29

In mammals, growth hormone is an endocrine signaling molecule that stimulates repair and growth of various tissues. Which of the following is required for a tissue to respond to growth hormone?

Answer 29

the presence of a growth hormone receptor

Question 30

What is the importance of the mucus that is released by salivary glands?

Answer 30

It consists of glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the esophagus.

Question 31

Which type of muscle directly helps move food along the digestive tract?

Answer 31

smooth muscle

Question 32

Which of the following structures do vertebrates and tunicates both possess?

Answer 32

a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord

Question 33

Which of the following was a trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods?

Answer 33

feet with digits

Question 34

Which statement best describes why cells of the digestive system secrete proteolytic enzymes, such as pepsin, in their inactive forms?

Answer 34

These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.

Question 35

Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between sharks and ray-finned fishes?

Answer 35

They have a lateral line that is sensitive to vibrations.