Test 1

Question 1

Which of the following organisms is a producer?

Answer 1

Diatoms

Question 2

Which of the following statements correctly describes exotoxins and endotoxins produced by various bacteria?

Answer 2

Exotoxins are secreted into the environment while the bacteria is still alive

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic commonly found in ciliates?

Answer 3

They are often multinucleate.

Question 4

Which of the following processes can be effective in preventing the onset of viral infection in humans?

Answer 4

getting vaccinated to certain viruses

Question 5

What clade does Giardia Intestinalis fall under and what does it cause? (Hint: Excavata supergroup)

Answer 5

Diplomonads; intestinal infections (mammals)

Question 6

Which of the following statements correctly describes a difference between viruses and prions?

Answer 6

Viruses replicate using its host’s DNA replication machinery, whereas prions replicate using host’s translation machinery.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is accurate with regard to the life cycle of mosses?

Answer 7

Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes.

Question 8

Recently, a microbe that is able to digest cellulose was discovered in a hot spring with an average temperature of 95°C. This microbe most likely belongs to which of the following groups?

Answer 8

Archaea

Question 9

What is the kind of protist that combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition?

Answer 9

Mixotrophs

Question 10

Reinforced, threadlike pseudopods that can perform phagocytosis are generally characteristic of which of the following groups or organisms?

Answer 10

Foramifera

Question 11

Which of these structures produce spores?

Answer 11

sporophyte (capsule) of a moss

Question 12

Which of the following is a similarity between bryophytes and seedless vascular plants?

Answer 12

In both groups, sperm swim from antheridia to archegonia.

Question 13

The virus genome and viral proteins are assembled into virus particles during which of the following parts of the reproductive cycle?

Answer 13

The lytic cycle only

Question 14

Which two genera have members that can evade the human immune system by frequently changing their surface proteins?

Answer 14

Plasmodium and Trypanosoma

Question 15

A type of bacteria colonizes on the surface of a leaf, where it obtains nutrition from the leaf’s nonliving, waxy covering without harming the plant, and inhibits the growth of other microbes that are plant pathogens. If this bacteria gains access to the inside of a leaf, however, it causes a fatal disease in the plant. Once the plant dies, the bacterium and its offspring decompose the plant. What is the correct sequence of ecological roles played by the bacterium in the situation described here?

Answer 15

mutualist, pathogen, nutrient recycler

Question 16

A process that cannot produce genetic variation in bacterial populations is ________.

Answer 16

Meiosis

Question 17

What line of evidence would support a hypothesis that a newly discovered bacterium is a cyanobacterium?

Answer 17

It is able to form colonies and produce oxygen.

Question 18

A bacterium has the following characteristics:

∙ It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration
∙ It can survive being boiled
∙ It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan

Which of the following characteristics allows this bacterium to adhere to the intestinal lining?

Answer 18

fimbriae

Question 19

If a viral host cell has a mutation that interferes with the addition of carbohydrates to proteins during processing in the Golgi apparatus, which of the following processes is most likely to occur?

Answer 19

Viruses released by that cell would have a decreased ability to infect cells than the virus that originally infected the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following biological molecules contributes to the structural integrity of plant spores?

Answer 20

sporopollenin

Question 21

Which of the following characteristics correctly describes retroviruses?

Answer 21

They have a single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis.

Question 22

You are hiking in a forest and come upon a mysterious plant, which you determine is either a lycophyte sporophyte or a monilophyte sporophyte. Which of the following characteristics would be most helpful in determining the correct classification of the plant?

Answer 22

whether it has microphylls or megaphylls

Question 23

Which of the following traits do archaeans and bacteria have in common?

Answer 23

lack of a nuclear envelope and presence of circular chromosome

Question 24

Which of the following statements correctly describes one difference between green algae and land plants?

Answer 24

green algae are often unicellular, while land plants are not

Question 25

In a recent study, researchers found that carbon dioxide was pumped to the ocean floor after adding a small amount of iron to the water. Which of the following organisms was likely responsible for this result?

Answer 25

Diatoms

Question 26

While examining a rock surface, you have discovered an interesting new organism. Which of the following criteria will allow you to classify the organism as belonging to Bacteria but not Archaea or Eukarya?

Answer 26

Cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan.

Question 27

Which of the following statements about stomata is correct?

Answer 27

Stomata allow gases to diffuse into and out of the plant.

Question 28

Which of the following characteristics is found in heterosporous plants?

Answer 28

two types of sporophylls

Question 29

A biology student hiking in a forest discovers an erect, 15-centimeter-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobili at its tallest point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust. Observing a sample with a magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content.

What type of plant has this student most likely discovered?

Answer 29

lycophyte sporophyte

Question 30

Living organisms can be divided into two groups: autotrophs and heterotrophs. How do these two groups differ?

Answer 30

Their sources of carbon