Test 3b

Question 1

Reticular formation

Answer 1

Coordinate reflexes and autonomic control of associated cranial nerves.
-consists of lateral and medial nuclear group and raphe nucleus
Nuclei: cardiac, vasomotor and medullary respiratory centres

Question 2

The olive

Answer 2

– Inferior olivary nucleus

– Relay station for sensory information going to the cerebellum

Question 3

Nucleus fasiculatus and nucleus cuneatus

Answer 3

– Carry general sensory information

– Touch, pressure, limb orientation – From the skin to the cerebrum

Question 4

4 pairs of cranial nerves in medulla oblongata

Answer 4

– Vestibulocochlear (VIII) -hearing and equilibrium)
– Glossopharyngeal (IX - part of tongue and pharynx- taste and swallowing)
– Vagus (X - visceral organs of thorax and abdomen)
– Hypoglossal (XII - tongue muscles)

• Brain nuclei associated with these nerves can be sensory or motor

Question 5

Pontine nuclei (pons)

Answer 5

– Relay information between the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum
• Via middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 6

Cranial nerves of pons

Answer 6

– Trigeminal V – skin of the face, chewing muscles
– Abducens VI – eye movement
– Facial VII – facial expressions

Question 7

Substantia nigra (midbrain)

Answer 7

– Control voluntary movement

– Degeneration causes Parkinson’s disease

Question 8

Red nucleus

Answer 8

• midbrain
  – Minor involvement in motor movements
  • Flexion of joints

Question 9

Periaquaductal grey matter

Answer 9

Midbrain
– Involved in the autonomic fight-or-flight response
– Mediates visceral pain
• Usually feel nausea

Question 10

Corpora quadrigemina

Answer 10

Midbrain
– Makes up the tectum

– Superior colliculi
• Visual reflexes
– Inferior colliculi
• Auditory reflexes

Question 11

Cranial nerves of midbrain

Answer 11

– Oculomotor III– control eye movement

– Troclear IV– control eye movement

Question 12

Information processing of cerebellum

Answer 12

Cerebellum receives information from the cerebrum on planned movements
– Through pontine nuclei of the pons

Compares planned movement with current body
orientation
– From the medulla to the flocculonodular lobe
– From the spinal cord to the anterior/posterior lobes

Sends instructions to resolve any differences Motor cortex fine-tunes movement

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

Autonomic control 
Circadian rhythms 
Body temperature 
Thirst and hunger 
Emotions
 Endocrine system

Question 14

Epithalamus

Answer 14

• Contains the pineal gland
– Under the control of the hypothalamus
– Secretes melatonin
• Initiates sleep cycles

Question 15

White Matter of the Cerebrum

Answer 15

• Allows communication between areas of the cortex and with the brain stem and spinal cord
• Myelinated and bundled in to large tracts
• Commissural fibers • Association fibers
• Projection fibers

Question 16

Deep Gray Matter

Answer 16

Basal Ganglia
• Motor control
• Start, stop and regulate intensity

Basal Forebrain nuclei
• Arousal, learning, memory and motor control
• Synthesize and release acetylcholine

Question 17

Ascending pathways

Answer 17

Spinocerebellar Pathway
• Proprioception

Dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway
• Discriminatory Touch

Spinothalamic Pathway
• Temperature
• Pain
• Deep pressure
• Non-discriminatory