Test 3_Personality and Social development

Question 1

Psychoanalytic Approach, Based on?

Answer 1

development of the Superego

Question 2

Psychoanalytic Approach, Two Components of the Superego

Answer 2

Conscience

Ego Ideal

Question 3

Psychoanalytic Approach, Conscience

Answer 3

“Thou shalt not”

Question 4

Psychoanalytic Approach, Ego Ideal

Answer 4

“Thou shalt”

Question 5

Psychoanalytic Approach, The process

Answer 5

involves internalizing parental values, behaviors, etc.

through the process of Identification

Question 6

Psychoanalytic Approach, What controls moral actions?

Answer 6

Anxiety

If you do not do what is right or you do something wrong, you get anxious.

Question 7

Psychoanalytic Approach, whats the basic mechanism?

Answer 7

concerned with MORAL FEELINGS

Question 8

Psychoanalytic Approach, Parents bring out different?

Answer 8

different forms of moral feelings (anxiety) are produced.

Question 9

Psychoanalytic Approach, Power Assertive techniques (authoritarian)…

Answer 9

Produces Fear of (physical) punishment.

Question 10

Psychoanalytic Approach, Love Withdrawal techniques (permissive)…

Answer 10

Produces Fear of Emotional Loss

Question 11

Psychoanalytic Approach, Love-oriented techniques (authoritative/democratic)…

Answer 11

Produces Guilt.

Question 12

Social Learning Approach, Concerned with looking at?

Answer 12

Moral Behavior

Question 13

Social Learning Approach, Moral development is based on?

Answer 13

learning (Rewards & Punishments)

Imitation & Modeling

Question 14

Social Learning Approach, The child will imitate or model?

Answer 14

behaviors he/she sees are rewarded and will avoid behaviors he/she sees are punished.

Question 15

Social Learning Approach, who will the child imitate or model?

Answer 15

The individual who is in charge of the rewards and punishments

Question 16

Cognitive Approach, whose ideas is this based off of?

Answer 16

Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 17

Cognitive Approach, Jean Piaget

Answer 17

looked at young children’s game playing

Question 18

Cognitive Approach, Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 18

looked at older children’s thinking about moral dilemmas

Question 19

Piaget, Cognitive Approach, Identified Three Stages of Moral Development

Answer 19

Below 5 years of age: Premoral Stage
5-10 years: Moral Realism (Heteronomous)
10+ years: Morality of Cooperation (Autonomous)

Question 20

Piaget, Cognitive Approach, Premoral Stage

Answer 20

Below 5 years of age:
No overriding rules… Rules are not fixed but are ever-changing.
Following rules is based on imitation not on understanding.
When young children play games, they often follow what the older kids are doing.

Question 21

Piaget, Cognitive Approach, Moral Realism (Heteronomous)

Answer 21

5-10 years:
Children are very aware of rules… overwhelmed with rules
Rules are real, sacred, and can’t be changed.
Thus, there are moral absolutes
There is only one way to play marbles.
Belief in Immanent Justice
If I break the rules, I will be punished.
If I’m punished, I must have broken the rules.
Focus on Consequences, not Intentions

Question 22

Piaget, Cognitive Approach, Morality of Cooperation (Autonomous)

Answer 22

10+ years:
Children still regard rules… but
Rules are arbitrary
Rules can be changed if all agree
Rules based on mutual expectations and cooperation
Intentions are important considerations
Piaget indicated that peer interactions are crucial in this development

Question 23

Piaget, Cognitive Approach, Concerned with?

Answer 23

Moral Reasoning

Question 24

Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, Considered moral reasoning?

Answer 24

Moral Reasoning is critical… not moral behavior or moral feelings.

Question 25

Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, Identify 6 stages (3 levels) of moral reasoning

Answer 25

Preconventional level

1) Heteronomous Morality
2) Instrumental purpose

Conventional Level

3) Interpersonal conformity
4) Social System Orientation

Post-conventional level

5) Social Contract orientation
6) Ethics of self-chosen universal principles

Question 26

Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, Heteronomous Morality

Answer 26

ethics of punishment and obedience

Question 27

Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, Instrumental purpose

Answer 27

ethics of market exchange

Question 28

Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, Social System Orientation

Answer 28

conformity to social system, ethics of law and order

Question 29

Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, Social Contract orientation

Answer 29

ethics of social contract and individual rights

Question 30

Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, Ethics of self-chosen universal principles

Answer 30

Ethics of self-chosen universal principles

Question 31

Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, viewed moral development?

Answer 31

as a gradual process extending into adolescence and adulthood

Question 32

Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, how did he test them?

Answer 32

a sequence of moral reasoning questions based on hypothetical dilemmas. Was most concerned with why they would choose the action they chose

Question 33

When does aggression first show up?

Answer 33

age 2

Question 34

over early and middle childhood, ____ aggression declines and ______ aggression increases

Answer 34

proactive, reactive

Question 35

The three types of agression

Answer 35

Physical, verbal, and relational

Question 36

By age ___ boys are ___ ____ aggressive than girls

Answer 36

17 months, more physically

Question 37

What characteristics make children at risk for aggression?

Answer 37

Irritable, fearless, impulsive, and overactive children (depends on child-rearing conditions)

Question 38

What contributes to long term maintenance aggression?

Answer 38

strife-ridden families and harsh, inconsistent discipline develop social-cognitive deficits and distortions that contribute to

Question 39

Wide-spread poverty, harsh living conditions, and inadequate school increase

Answer 39

antisocial acts among children and adolescence