Test 3_Personality and Social development Flashcards
Psychoanalytic Approach, Based on?
development of the Superego
Psychoanalytic Approach, Two Components of the Superego
Conscience
Ego Ideal
Psychoanalytic Approach, Conscience
“Thou shalt not”
Psychoanalytic Approach, Ego Ideal
“Thou shalt”
Psychoanalytic Approach, The process
involves internalizing parental values, behaviors, etc.
through the process of Identification
Psychoanalytic Approach, What controls moral actions?
Anxiety
If you do not do what is right or you do something wrong, you get anxious.
Psychoanalytic Approach, whats the basic mechanism?
concerned with MORAL FEELINGS
Psychoanalytic Approach, Parents bring out different?
different forms of moral feelings (anxiety) are produced.
Psychoanalytic Approach, Power Assertive techniques (authoritarian)…
Produces Fear of (physical) punishment.
Psychoanalytic Approach, Love Withdrawal techniques (permissive)…
Produces Fear of Emotional Loss
Psychoanalytic Approach, Love-oriented techniques (authoritative/democratic)…
Produces Guilt.
Social Learning Approach, Concerned with looking at?
Moral Behavior
Social Learning Approach, Moral development is based on?
learning (Rewards & Punishments)
Imitation & Modeling
Social Learning Approach, The child will imitate or model?
behaviors he/she sees are rewarded and will avoid behaviors he/she sees are punished.
Social Learning Approach, who will the child imitate or model?
The individual who is in charge of the rewards and punishments
Cognitive Approach, whose ideas is this based off of?
Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg
Cognitive Approach, Jean Piaget
looked at young children’s game playing
Cognitive Approach, Lawrence Kohlberg
looked at older children’s thinking about moral dilemmas
Piaget, Cognitive Approach, Identified Three Stages of Moral Development
Below 5 years of age: Premoral Stage
5-10 years: Moral Realism (Heteronomous)
10+ years: Morality of Cooperation (Autonomous)
Piaget, Cognitive Approach, Premoral Stage
Below 5 years of age:
No overriding rules… Rules are not fixed but are ever-changing.
Following rules is based on imitation not on understanding.
When young children play games, they often follow what the older kids are doing.
Piaget, Cognitive Approach, Moral Realism (Heteronomous)
5-10 years:
Children are very aware of rules… overwhelmed with rules
Rules are real, sacred, and can’t be changed.
Thus, there are moral absolutes
There is only one way to play marbles.
Belief in Immanent Justice
If I break the rules, I will be punished.
If I’m punished, I must have broken the rules.
Focus on Consequences, not Intentions
Piaget, Cognitive Approach, Morality of Cooperation (Autonomous)
10+ years:
Children still regard rules… but
Rules are arbitrary
Rules can be changed if all agree
Rules based on mutual expectations and cooperation
Intentions are important considerations
Piaget indicated that peer interactions are crucial in this development
Piaget, Cognitive Approach, Concerned with?
Moral Reasoning
Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, Considered moral reasoning?
Moral Reasoning is critical… not moral behavior or moral feelings.
Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, Identify 6 stages (3 levels) of moral reasoning
Preconventional level
1) Heteronomous Morality
2) Instrumental purpose
Conventional Level
3) Interpersonal conformity
4) Social System Orientation
Post-conventional level
5) Social Contract orientation
6) Ethics of self-chosen universal principles
Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, Heteronomous Morality
ethics of punishment and obedience
Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, Instrumental purpose
ethics of market exchange
Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, Social System Orientation
conformity to social system, ethics of law and order
Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, Social Contract orientation
ethics of social contract and individual rights
Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, Ethics of self-chosen universal principles
Ethics of self-chosen universal principles
Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, viewed moral development?
as a gradual process extending into adolescence and adulthood
Kohlberg, Cognitive Approach, how did he test them?
a sequence of moral reasoning questions based on hypothetical dilemmas. Was most concerned with why they would choose the action they chose
When does aggression first show up?
age 2
over early and middle childhood, ____ aggression declines and ______ aggression increases
proactive, reactive
The three types of agression
Physical, verbal, and relational
By age ___ boys are ___ ____ aggressive than girls
17 months, more physically
What characteristics make children at risk for aggression?
Irritable, fearless, impulsive, and overactive children (depends on child-rearing conditions)
What contributes to long term maintenance aggression?
strife-ridden families and harsh, inconsistent discipline develop social-cognitive deficits and distortions that contribute to
Wide-spread poverty, harsh living conditions, and inadequate school increase
antisocial acts among children and adolescence
