Chapter 8 Flashcards
Describe the psychometric approach to intelligence including some of the history behind the approach. How do we define intelligence?
the basis for the wide variety of intelligence tests available for assessing children’s mental needs. Is product-oriented, largely concerned with outcomes and results.
Discuss the research in IQ measurement and the stability of the concept including the genetic basis of intelligence..
Intelligence tests are scored by computing and intelligence quotient. It compares the test-takers raw score to the scores of a standardization sample of same-age individuals, whose performances from a normal distribution, with mean IQ set at 100. IQ reflects the extent to which test performances deviates from the standardization-sample mean.
Describe the strengths and limitations in the psychometric approach (IQ testing).
After age 6, IQ scores show substantial cor-relational stability. The older the child at time of first testing and the closer in time two testings are, the stronger relationship between the scores. However, most children show substantial fluctuations in the absolute value of IQ as a result of personality traits, child-rearing practices, and living conditions.
IQ is moderately correlated with adult academic achievement, occupational attainment and emotional and social adjustment, but the underlying causes of these findings are complex. Other traits, including education, family influences, motivation, and practical intelligence, also contribute to substantial to life success.
Discuss the impact of the Head Start Program.
US non-profit organization that provides 3-5 year olds from low income families with several hundred hours per year of intensive, supplementary education enrichment, aimed at increasing their readiness for kindergarten.
Discuss alternate ways of defining and measuring intelligent behavior such as creativity
investment theory of creativity: look at a wide variety of intellectual, personality, motivational, and environmental resources that are necessary to initiate creative projects and bring them to fruition.
High creativity is usually manifested as talent, and talented children typically have parents and teachers who nurture their exceptional abilities. They are best served by educational programs in which they can interact with like-minded piers, take intellectual risks, reflect on ideas, and acquire skills relevant to their talents.
Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
Made up of 3 broad, interacting intelligences 1) analytical intelligence, or information processing skills. 2) creative intelligence, the capacity to solve novel problems, 3) practical intelligence, application of intellectual skills in everyday situations. Intelligent behavior involves balancing all three intelligence’s to achieve success in life, according to one;s personal goals and the requirements of one;s cultural community.
Gardner’s Theory of multiple intelligence’s
Theory of multiple intelligence in terms of distinct sets of processing operations that permit individuals to solve problems, create products, and discover new knowledge in a wide range of culturally valued activities. Dismissing the idea of general intelligence, gardner proposes at least eight independent intelligence’s
