Test 3 Review Flashcards
What carries the oxygenated blood? (ductus venosus or ductus arteriosus)
Ductus venosus carries oxygen rich blood from the umbilical vein directly to the IVC which empties directly into the right atrium
p 1126
From the right ventricle, the blood courses from the pulmonary artery into the ductus arteriosus and thru the descending aorta to provide oxygenated blood to the abdominal organs.
p 1126
i think the answer is ductus venosus
What carries the deoxygenated blood (ductus venosus or ductus arteriosus)
Deoxygenated blood exits the fetus through umbilical arteries
i think the answer is ductus arteriosus
What position is the baby if the fetal head is toward the fundus of the uterus?
breech
p.1105
When we do a BPD, what is the structure in the middle the we measure through?
thalmus
p.1146
What are the three vessels of the umbilical cord?
one umbilical vein and two umbilical arteries
p.1224
What is a possible head shape for a breech baby?
dolichocephalic
p.1108
What is a transverse lie?
fetal lie perpendicular to the long axis of the mother
p.1105
What level is the abdomen circumference taken at?
at the level of the liver where the umbilical vein branches into the left portal sinus
p.1151
What shape is the cerebellum in a fetus with spina bifida?
banana
p.1154
When measuring BPD, what structures should be present?
thalmus, cavum septum pellucidum, midline falx
p.1146
What is the definition of brachycephaly?
fetal head is elongated in the transverse diameter and shortened in the anteroposterior diameter; round
p.1147
What is the definition for dolichocephaly?
fetal head is shortened in the transverse plane and elongated in the anteroposterior plane; flattened or compressed
p.1147
Which of the measurements is most accurate in the first trimester?
CRL
p.1144
Which growth parameter is the most important in second trimester?
AC
p.1150
What part on the femur should not be included in the measurement?
distal femoral epiphysis
p.1152
If the femur and other measurements are greater than 2 weeks apart you should measure all the other long bones. True or False
true
p.1152
What is wrong with a baby when it is not growing like it should?
intrauterine growth restriction
p.1158
How do you measure BPD?
measure from outer to inner margins of skull
p.1146
What do we do to access fetal well-being?
Biophysical profile: cardiac nonstress test (NST), observation of fetal breathing movements (FBM), gross fetal body movements (FM), fetal tone (FT), amniotic fluid volume (AFV) p.1162
What is the difference between asymmetric and symmetric IUGR?
Symmetric IUGR is a fetus that is small in all physical parameters, usually the result of a severe insult in first tri
Asymmetric IUGR is more common and is usually caused by placental insufficiency, possibly the result of maternal disease
p.1159
What are the normal ranges for AFI measurements?
8-22 cm p.1160
8-20 cm (written on board)
What can we estimate with all 4 measurements?
estimated fetal weight
p.1161
What kind of babies can diabetic mothers have?
macrosomia
p.1167
What are the risks for IUGR?
hx of fetus with IUGR maternal hypertension hx tobacco use uterine anomaly placental hemorrhage placental insufficiency gender of fetus race parity BMI environmental factors p.1159
An increase in morbidity and mortality as a result of head and shoulder injuries can occur in what kind of babies?
Macrosomia
p.1167
At how many weeks can we use SD ratio of the umbilical cord?
24 wk
What is the birth weight associated with macrosomia?
birthweight of 4000g or greater; or above 90th percentile
p.1166
In a macrosomic fetus what might the placenta look like?
Placentas of the macrosomic fetus can become significantly large and thick because they are not immune to the growth-enhancing effects of fetal insulin. Greater than 5 cm in thickness.
p.1169
What is an AFI?
Amniotic-Fluid Volume, an evaluation of the 4 quadrants
What comprises the fetal membranes?
Chorion, amnion, allantois, and yolk sac
p.1223
What is related to the chorionic plate?
fetal surface of the placenta
p.1221
What is the majoring functioning unit of the placenta?
chorionic villus
w.b. p.419 p.1232
What are the functions of the placenta?
three main functions of the placenta are metabolism, endocrine, and transfer.
other functions of the placenta are respiration, nutrition, excretion, protection, storage, and hormonal production.
w.b. p.419 and p.1222
At what weeks does the amnion and chorion fuse?
by week 16
p.1222
What is the marginal or eccentric insertion of the umbilical cord?
battledore placenta
p.1222
Severe blood loss should occur with what type of placenta?
placenta percreta
p.1232 & answered in class
What kind of placenta could have the presence of one or more accessory lobes?
succenturiate placenta
w.b. p.417 p.1233
A low-pressure bleed is considered what?
Marginal Abruption
w.b. p.421 p.1235
What is a marginal previa, partial previa, and a complete previa?
Marginal: the placenta does not cover the internal os, but its edge comes to the margin of the os
Partial: the placenta only partially covers the internal os
Complete: placenta completely covers the cervical internal os, may be symmetric or asymmetric
p.1230
When the vessels pass across the internal os, what are we looking at?
vasa previa
w.b. p.420 p.1231
The maternal side of the placenta is the decidual ________.
basalis
p.1221
What is the growth of the chorionic villi into the myometrium?
placenta increta
p.1232
What is the AFI measurement for polyhydramnios?
Greater than 22 cm
p.1161
What is a complex mass protruding from the fetal side of the placenta?
Chorioangioma
p.1236
What membranes produce the amniotic fluid?
Amniotic Membrane, thin membrane lined by asingle layer of epithelial cells.
p.1249
What is a velamentous placenta?
Refers to an umbilical cord that inserts on the membranes.
p.1222
What is oligohydramnios associated with?
IUGR fetal renal anomalies rupture of the intrauterine membranes postdate pregnancy w.b. pg 392 p.1161
What type of maternal conditions could cause polyhydramnios?
Diabetes mellitus obesity rhesus incompatibility anemia congestive cardiac failure syphilis. p.1255
What is the primary cause of placentamegaly?
Maternal and fetal disorders
maternal diabetes
Rh incompatibility
p.1229
What are some complications of placenta previa?
life-threatening hemorrhage preterm delivery maternal hemorrhage increased rick of placental invasion IUGR p.1230
The chorion around the gestational sac opposite of implantation is the chorion ____.
laeve
p.1221
