Role of Sonography in Obstetrics and Clinical Ethics Chapter 45 & 46 Flashcards
Gestational age is also known as
Menstrual age
Gestational age indicates
the first day of the last menstrual period (LNMP or LMP)
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
patient has a uteroplacental insufficiency
What can happen to a patient with short cervical length?
risk for recurrent preterm birth
Abdominal/pelvic pain in pregnancy could indicate
ectopic pregnancy, abruptio placentae, renal calculi, or pelvic mass
What is amniocentesis?
Transabdominal removal of amniotic fluid from the amniotic cavity using ultrasound
Oligohydramnios
insufficient amount of amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios
excessive amount of amniotic fluid
Hydatidiform mole
benign form of gestational trophoblastic disease in which there is partial or complete conversion of the chorionic villi into grapelike vesicles
Cervical cerclage
suturing of the ligatures around the cervix uteri to treat cervical incompetence during pregnancy
Maternal serum biochemical marker tests
Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) and Quad screen
Placenta previa
placental implantation that encroaches upon the lower uterine segment; placenta presents first in late pregnancy and bleeding is inevitable
Aneuploidy
fetal syndromes associated with an abnormal number of chromosomes
Gravidity
total number of pregnancies (including present)
Parity
all possible pregnancy outcomes: full term delivery, premature birth and stillborns, early pregnancy loss/termination, and living children
When does conception occur?
day 14 from LMP
About how many weeks in one trimester?
about 13 weeks
What does Nagele’s Rule calculate?
Estimated Date of Delivery (EDD)
What is the equation for Nagele’s Rule?
EDD = LMP - 3 months + 7 days
Is Doppler Ultrasound safe to use in 1st trimester?
It needs to be used cautiously, because of the thermal effects of Doppler
Ethics
the study of what is good & bad and of moral duty & obligation
Morality
the protection of cherished values that relate to how persons interact and live in peace
Nonmaleficence
refrain from harming oneself or others
Informed consent
providing complete information and ensuring comprehension and voluntary consent by patient or subject to a required or experimental medical procedure
Beneficence
bringing about good by maximizing benefits and minimizing possible harm
Autonomy
self-governing or self-directing freedom and especially moral independence; right of persons to choose and have their choices respected
Respect for persons
incorporates both respect for the autonomy of individuals and the requirement to protect those with diminished autonomy
Veracity
truthfulness; honesty
Integrity
adherence to moral and ethical principles
Justice
the ethical principal that requires fair distribution of benefits and burdens; it occurs when a benefit is withheld
