Role of Sonography in Obstetrics and Clinical Ethics Chapter 45 & 46

Question 1

Gestational age is also known as

Answer 1

Menstrual age

Question 2

Gestational age indicates

Answer 2

the first day of the last menstrual period (LNMP or LMP)

Question 3

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

Answer 3

patient has a uteroplacental insufficiency

Question 4

What can happen to a patient with short cervical length?

Answer 4

risk for recurrent preterm birth

Question 5

Abdominal/pelvic pain in pregnancy could indicate

Answer 5

ectopic pregnancy, abruptio placentae, renal calculi, or pelvic mass

Question 6

What is amniocentesis?

Answer 6

Transabdominal removal of amniotic fluid from the amniotic cavity using ultrasound

Question 7

Oligohydramnios

Answer 7

insufficient amount of amniotic fluid

Question 8

Polyhydramnios

Answer 8

excessive amount of amniotic fluid

Question 9

Hydatidiform mole

Answer 9

benign form of gestational trophoblastic disease in which there is partial or complete conversion of the chorionic villi into grapelike vesicles

Question 10

Cervical cerclage

Answer 10

suturing of the ligatures around the cervix uteri to treat cervical incompetence during pregnancy

Question 11

Maternal serum biochemical marker tests

Answer 11

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) and Quad screen

Question 12

Placenta previa

Answer 12

placental implantation that encroaches upon the lower uterine segment; placenta presents first in late pregnancy and bleeding is inevitable

Question 13

Aneuploidy

Answer 13

fetal syndromes associated with an abnormal number of chromosomes

Question 14

Gravidity

Answer 14

total number of pregnancies (including present)

Question 15

Parity

Answer 15

all possible pregnancy outcomes: full term delivery, premature birth and stillborns, early pregnancy loss/termination, and living children

Question 16

When does conception occur?

Answer 16

day 14 from LMP

Question 17

About how many weeks in one trimester?

Answer 17

about 13 weeks

Question 18

What does Nagele’s Rule calculate?

Answer 18

Estimated Date of Delivery (EDD)

Question 19

What is the equation for Nagele’s Rule?

Answer 19

EDD = LMP - 3 months + 7 days

Question 20

Is Doppler Ultrasound safe to use in 1st trimester?

Answer 20

It needs to be used cautiously, because of the thermal effects of Doppler

Question 21

Ethics

Answer 21

the study of what is good & bad and of moral duty & obligation

Question 22

Morality

Answer 22

the protection of cherished values that relate to how persons interact and live in peace

Question 23

Nonmaleficence

Answer 23

refrain from harming oneself or others

Question 24

Informed consent

Answer 24

providing complete information and ensuring comprehension and voluntary consent by patient or subject to a required or experimental medical procedure

Question 25

Beneficence

Answer 25

bringing about good by maximizing benefits and minimizing possible harm

Question 26

Autonomy

Answer 26

self-governing or self-directing freedom and especially moral independence; right of persons to choose and have their choices respected

Question 27

Respect for persons

Answer 27

incorporates both respect for the autonomy of individuals and the requirement to protect those with diminished autonomy

Question 28

Veracity

Answer 28

truthfulness; honesty

Question 29

Integrity

Answer 29

adherence to moral and ethical principles

Question 30

Justice

Answer 30

the ethical principal that requires fair distribution of benefits and burdens; it occurs when a benefit is withheld