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DSM OB/GYN > Test 2 Review > Flashcards

Test 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cavity in which the fetus exists?

A

Amniotic cavity

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2
Q

Blood Tests (this was all i had written down from the review, wasnt exactly sure what was asked)

A

Serum hcg

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3
Q

What is the first site of red blood cells that nourish the embryo until the placenta takes over?

A

primary yolk sac

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4
Q

Calculate a pregnancy, using last menstrual period, gestational age, and menstrual age.

A

EDD = LNMP - 3 months + 7 days

gestational and menstrual age is the date of the pregnancy

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5
Q

What is the interface between the decidual capsularis and the vascular endometrium?

A

double decidual sac sign

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6
Q

Pregnancy starts out in what circular structure?

A

Gestational sac

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7
Q

What age of pregnancy do the hCG levels plateau and subsequently decline while gestation continues?

A

9-10 wks

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8
Q

When do the chorion and amnion fuse?

A

16 - 17 weeks

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9
Q

When does the embryonic heart begin to beat?

A

5.5 - 6 weeks

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10
Q

You should be able to see a yolk sac when the MSD is

A

greater than 12 mm

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11
Q

What is the formula for calculating MSD?

A

MSD = [Length (mm) + Width (mm) + Height (mm)] divided by 3

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12
Q

Two of these structures exist in the beginning, but can only see one of them, which one is it?

A

Yolk Sac (Secondary is visible at 5 weeks)

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13
Q

When does the herniated bowel return the the abdominal cavity?

A

11 weeks

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14
Q

What would be an abnormal yolk sac diameter

A

Should not exceed 6mm

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15
Q

What is the cystic area in the posterior cranium?

A

Rhomboid fossa

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16
Q

What is the dating method used by sonographers and clinicians?

A

gestational or menstrual age

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17
Q

What does the ovum secrete after fertilization?

A

I believe this is progesterone as well because I thought this question included both the ovum and the corpus luteum together.

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18
Q

What does the corpus luteum secrete after fertilization?

A

Progesterone

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19
Q

When does the blastocyst enter the uterus?

A

4 - 5 days after fertilization

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20
Q

When does the blastocyst implant in reference to fertilization and ovulation?

A

completed 12 days after fertilization

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21
Q

Scanning only abdominally, a normal gestational sac should be seen when hCG levels are at what level?

A

1,800 mIU/ml or greater

22
Q

What is the amniotic cavity?

A

Cavity fetus exists in, forms early in gestation and fills with amniotic fluid to protect the fetus

23
Q

What is the chorionic cavity?

A

Surrounds the amniotic cavity. The yolk sac is between the chorion and amnion

24
Q

What is the decidual reaction?

A

Changes in the endometrium of the uterus that prepare it for implantation of an embryo. These changes are observed in each menstrual cycle and enhanced after implantation.

25
Q

The villi on the myometrial side of conceptus is know as what?

A

Decidua Capsularis

26
Q

What is the rate at which the gestational sac grows normally?

A

1 mm/day

27
Q

You can measure crown rump up to how many weeks?

A

12 Weeks

28
Q

Generally speaking, the first international reference preparation states hCG levels normally should

A

double every other day

29
Q

What is the most common location for an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Fallopian Tubes

30
Q

What is the most common pelvic mass in pregnancy?

A

Corpus Luteum Cyst

31
Q

What is a sac without an embryo called?

A

Could be 4 conditions. 1) A normal IUP less than 5 weeks 2) An abnormal IUP (Anembryonic) 3) A Pseudogestational sac in an ectopic pregnancy 4) blighted ovum

32
Q

What is gastroschesis?

A

Bowel loops do not herniate back into the abdomen after 12 weeks. (This IS the one you would prefer to have, not omphalocele)

33
Q

What is omphalocele?

A

Bowel loops do not herniate back into the abdomen after 12 weeks and are contained within a membrane. (This is NOT the one you would prefer to have) Has a high association with chromosomal abnormalities

34
Q

How many weeks is it when cranial anatomy is well visualized?

A

6-10 Weeks

35
Q

What is partial absence of the cranium?

A

Acrania: Partial or complete absence of the cranium

36
Q

What is the most common abnormality associated with cystic hydroma?

A

Chromosomal abnormalities, especially trisomies 13, 18, and 21. Turners Syndrome is also associated, but I wouldn’t say it is the most common.

37
Q

What is the hemorrhage located between the gestational sac and the placenta?

A

Subchorionic Hemorrhage

38
Q

Corpus luteal cysts regress and typically are not seen beyond what weeks?

A

16-18 Weeks

39
Q

There is an increased risk of hemorrhage if an ectopic is located where?

A

Interstitial portion of the fallopian tube, near uterine cornu. Also called Interstitial Pregnancy.

40
Q

Findings in ectopic pregnancy are

A

Is there an IUP? Is there a pseudogestational sac? Is there an adnexal mass? Is there free fluid?

41
Q

What is a psuedosac?

A

Pseudogestational sacs do not contain an embryo or yolk sac. They are located centrally in endometrial canal, not burrowed as a normal sac would be. They also have homogenous level echos.

42
Q

There is an increased risk of complete hysterectomy with this ectopic location

A

Cervix

43
Q

Most common cause of vaginal bleeding in the first trimester

A

Subchorionic hemorrhage

44
Q

Poor prognosis is generally seen with heart rates below what?

A

Below 90 or Above 170

45
Q

What weeks can we begin to see the fetal urinary bladder?

A

10-12 Weeks

46
Q

What should the serum level of beta hCG with trophoblastic disease be?

A

Dramatically elevated

47
Q

What is a heterotopic pregnancy?

A

Simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy

48
Q

What is the normal fetal heart rate?

A

120-160 bpm

49
Q

What is a blighted ovum?

A

Gestational sac where embryo fails to develop or stops developing at a very early age. Trophoblastic tissue may continue to grow as well as the gestational sac. hCG rates will also continue to rise but at a slower rate. MSD will grow slower than normal, .70 mm/day.

50
Q

What is a missed abortion?

A

is the early loss of a pregnancy, usually before 20 weeks, without any symptoms.

51
Q

What is a first trimester insult?

A

A symmetrical (first trimester) finding in IUGR (Intrauterine Growth Retardation.) An event that interrupted fetal development.

52
Q

2 types of IUGR

A

Symmetrical and asymmetrical

DSM OB/GYN (10 decks)

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