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DSM OB/GYN > OBGYN Final Fall 2015 > Flashcards

OBGYN Final Fall 2015 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the physiologic status of prepuberty?

A

premenarche

p.951

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2
Q

The superficial layer of glans and stroma of the endometrium is called the:

A

zona functionalis

p.945

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3
Q

The release of an egg from the ruptured follicle is:

A

ovulation

p.951

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4
Q

The ovary receives its primary blood supply from the:

A

ovarian arteries

p.948

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5
Q

The blood supply to the fallopian tube is received by:

A

ovarian artery

p.947

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6
Q

Which of the following about the ovaries is false?

A

(these are true)
almond shaped
attached posteriorly to broad ligament by mesovarium
lie in ovarian fossa
fossa bounded by external iliac muscles, ureter, and obturator nerve
blood supply by ovarian and uterine arteries
bllod drained by ovarian vein into IVC on right and into renal vein on left
p.948

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7
Q

A mature follicle is known as a _____ follicle.

A

graafian

p.951

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8
Q

A mature follicle typically is _____ cm in size right before ovulation.

A

2 cm

p.951

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9
Q

The rectouterine space is also known as:

A

posterior cul-de-sac

p.953

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10
Q

Abnormally heavy or long menses is termed:

A

menorrhagia

p.953

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11
Q

The inner lining of the uterine cavity that appears echogenic to hypoechoic on ultrasound depending on the menstrual cycle is the:

A

endometrium

p.952

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12
Q

Menarche may be defined as:

A

state after reaching puberty in which menses occurs normally every 28 days
p.951

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13
Q

These are small vessels found along the periphery of the uterus:

A

arcuate vessels

p.970

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14
Q

The thickness of the endometrium should be measured in the:

A 
sagittal view (longitudinally)
p.973
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15
Q

The middle layer of the uterus is:

A

myometrium

p.970

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16
Q

The thin outer layer of the uterus is separated from the immediate layer by the:

A

arcuate vessels

p.970

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17
Q

Nabothian cysts are found near the:

A

cervix

p.979

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18
Q

On transabdominal imaging of the female pelvis, the distended urinary bladder:

A

serves as an acoustic window
cystic reference
displaces bowel
p.957

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19
Q

The most common site for a leiomyoma to occur is:

A

intramural (within myometrium)

p.985

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20
Q

Complications in delivery may occur with pregnancy if a fibroid is located:

A

near cervix

p.984

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21
Q

A benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium is known as:

A

adenomyosis

p.988

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22
Q

A small percentage of leiomyomas are located in the:

A

lower uterine segment near cervix

p.984

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23
Q

An acquired condition with obstruction of the cervical canal is most likely a result of:

A

cervical stenosis

p.980

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24
Q

Which leiomyoma location is most likely to cause heavy irregular uterine bleeding?

A

submucosal

p.985

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25
Q

Irregular, acyclic bleeding is defined as:

A

metrorrhea

p.989

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26
Q

Where might you find a Gartner’s duct cyst?

A

vagina

p.979

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27
Q

In a posthysterectomy patient, the normal vaginal cuff should not exceed _____ cm.

A
  1. 1 cm

p. 979

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28
Q

A small endocrine structure that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle and secretes progesterone and estrogen is a:

A

corpus luteum cyst

p.1007

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29
Q

The dermoid tumor typically is associated with which ultrasound sign?

A

“Tip of the iceburg” sign

pg 1022

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30
Q

The most common adnexal mass found during early pregnancy is a:

A

Corpus luteum cyst

p.1100

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31
Q

The normal ovary has a:

A

homogenous echotexture
echogenic medulla
anechoic or cystic follicles
p.1002

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32
Q

Simple ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women are not likely malignant when measuring less than _____ cm.

A

5 cm

p.1004

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33
Q

The most common benign tumor of the ovary is a/an:

A

dermoid tumor

p.1022

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34
Q

This rare benign ovarian neoplasm is most often seen in postmenopausal women.

A

thecoma

p.1024

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35
Q

A common condition in which functioning endometrial tissue is present outside of the uterus is:

A

endometriosis

p.1012

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36
Q

Partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis defines:

A

ovarian torsion

p.1013

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37
Q

Which pelvis organ is more involved with metastatic disease?

A

ovary

p.1025

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38
Q

An infection that involves the fallopian tube and the ovary is called:

A

tubo-ovarian abscess

p.1031

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39
Q

Risk factors in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) include all except which of the following?

A 
(these are true)
early sexual contact
multiple sexual partners
hx of STDs
previous hx PID
use of IUD
douching
p.1028
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40
Q

What is an infection within the fallopian tube called?

A

salpingitis

p.1030

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41
Q

The most common etiology of PID is:

A

STDs

p.1028

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42
Q

Sonographic findings of PID include all except which of the following?

A 
(these are true)
endometritis
periovarian inflammation
salpingitis, pyosalpinx, hydrosalpinx
tubo-ovarian abscess
p.1029
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43
Q

Which statement about infertility is false?

A 
(these are true)
inability to conceive within 12 months
affects 1 in 7 couples in America
40% female, 40% male, 20% both at fault
p.1039
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44
Q

A dominant follicle grows at a rate of:

A

1 to 3 mm/day

p.1043

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45
Q

A human fertilization technique in which fertilized ova are injected through a laparoscope into the fimbriated ends of the fallopian tubes is known as:

A

Gamete intrafallopian tube transfer (GIFT)

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46
Q

Fertilization takes place within the woman’s body in:

A

Distal portion of the Fallopian tube (ampulla)

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47
Q

The cavity in which the fetus exists is called the:

A

Amniotic cavity

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48
Q

This laboratory test indicates pregnancy when the values are elevated:

A

hCG levels

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49
Q

The first site of formation of red blood cells that will nourish the embryo is the:

A

primary yolk sac

p.1065

50
Q

This refers to the length of time calculated from the first day of the last normal menstrual period to the point at which the pregnancy is being assessed.

A

Gestational or menstrual age

p.1064

51
Q

The beta hCG levels plateau and subsequently decline, whereas the gestational sac continues to grow after:

A

9-10 weeks

p.1067

52
Q

The fusion of the chorion and amnion occurs between:

A

14 to 15 weeks
p.1071
I think Beth’s answer is 16 weeks

53
Q

To calculate the mean sac diameter of a gestational sac, the following formula should be used:

A

MSD = length + width + height / 3

p.1077

54
Q

Using an endovaginal approach, the first structure visualized within a gestational sac is the:

A

Secondary yolk sac

55
Q

In the first trimester, herniated bowel with return within the abdominal cavity by the:

A

12th week

p.1076

56
Q

A sonogram of a 10-week gestation demonstrates a cystic area within the posterior cranium. This most likely represents:

A

rhomboencephalon

p.1072

57
Q

The blastocyst typically enters the uterus:

A

4 to 5 days after fertilization

Pg 1065

58
Q

Implantation of the blastocyst into the endometrium occurs at:

A

12 days post fertilization

Pg. 1065

59
Q

The crown-rump length measurement may be used up to the _____ gestational week.

A

12th

p.1077

60
Q

What is the most common pelvic mass seen in 1st trimester pregnancy?

A

corpus luteum cyst

p.1100

61
Q

An ovum without an embryo is known as:

A

anembryonic or blighted ovum

p.1084

62
Q

A hemorrhage located between the gestational sac and the placenta represents:

A

Subchorionic hemorrhage??

Pg. 1082

63
Q

Ectopic pregnancy most commonly occurs in the:

A

Fallopian tube

p.1089

64
Q

There is an increased risk of complete hysterectomy when an ectopic pregnancy is located in the:

A

cervix

p.1093

65
Q

The most common cause of vaginal bleeding in the 1st trimester is:

A

Subchorionic hemorrhage

Pg. 1082

66
Q

Poor prognosis is generally seen in embryos with heart rates below:

A

90 bpm

p.1088

67
Q

A heterotopic pregnancy is:

A

simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy

p.1093

68
Q

This structure carries oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava (IVC):

A

Ductus venosus

p.1126

69
Q

This term indicates the fetal head is toward the fundus of the uterus:

A

Breech

p.1105

70
Q

The total number of pregnancies is called:

A

gravidity

p.1051

71
Q

This indicates the liver is on right, stomach on the left, and heart apex on the left:

A

normal situs

p.1108

72
Q

The three vessels found in the umbilical cord are:

A

2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein

p.1239

73
Q

The cranial bones ossify by:

A

12th week gestation

p.1108

74
Q

The cavum septum pellucidi is observed in front of the:

A

thalamus

p.1112

75
Q

Which of the following shunts blood away from the lungs?

A

ductus arteriosus

p.1126

76
Q

Beyond 20 weeks of gestation, a renal pelvis is considered abnormal when measuring greater than:

A

8 mm

p.1131

77
Q

The normal lateral ventricle measures less than:

A
  1. 5 mm

p. 1111

78
Q

The abdominal circumference (AC) is the:

A

measurement at the level of the stomach, left portal vein, and left umbilical vein
p.1150

79
Q

This is a sonographic sign that refers to the shape of the cerebellum when a spinal defect is present:

A

banana

p.1098

80
Q

The biparietal diameter is the measurement of the fetal head at the level of the:

A

thalamus and cavum septum pellucidum

p.1146

81
Q

The condition that shows the fetal head elongated in the transverse diameter and shortened in the anteroposterior diameter is known as:

A

Brachycephaly

82
Q

The most accurate measurement for determining gestational age is the:

A

CRL (1st tri)
BPD(2nd tri)
p.1146

83
Q

Frontal bones of the cranium that collapse forward describes:

A

Lemon head sign

p.1098

84
Q

Flattening of the fetal skull is called:

A

dolichocephaly

p.1147

85
Q

A condition in which the fetus is not growing as fast as normal is termed:

A

intrauterine growth restriction

p.1158

86
Q

Measurement of the biparietal diameter is taken from the:

A

outer to inner edge

p.1147

87
Q

The assessment of the fetus to determine fetal well-being, including evaluation of cardiac non-stress test, observation of fetal breathing movement, gross fetal body movements, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid volume, is known as the:

A

Biophysical profile

p.1162

88
Q

The normal amniotic fluid index (AFI) should range between:

A

10-20 cm

8-20 cm beth

89
Q

_____ incorporates all fetal growth parameters (biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur).

A

Gestational age parameters that estimate fetal weight

p.1146

90
Q

One of the growth problems of the diabetic fetus is:

A

macrosomia

p.1167

91
Q

IUGR is most commonly defined as a fetal birth weight:

A

at or below 10% for given gestational age

p.1158

92
Q

The chorionic plate is related to:

A

fetal surface of placenta

p.1221

93
Q

The major functioning unit of the placenta is:

A

Chorionic villus

p.1221

94
Q

The placenta performs all except which of the following functions?

A 
(These are true)
Respiration
Nutrition
Excretion
Protection
Storage
Hormonal production
p.1222
95
Q

The primary cause of placentomegaly is:

A

maternal diabetes

96
Q

This is produced by the umbilical cord and membranes, the fetal lung, skin, and kidney.

A

Amniotic fluid

p 1250

97
Q

Sonographic signs of polyhydramnios include all except which of the following?

A 
(These are true)
Freely floating fetus in swollen amniotic cavity
Accentuated fetal anatomy
AFI equal or greater than 20 cm
24 cm beth
p.1256
98
Q

Which of the following methods is used for visual assessment of amniotic fluid volume?

A

Subjective assessment

99
Q

This technique is both valid and reproducible in assessment of amniotic fluid volume.

A

AFI

p 1252

100
Q

Persistent oligohydramnios in the second trimester, regardless of the cause, carries a:

A

poor prognosis

p.1257

101
Q

Fetal production of urine and the ability to swallow begin during what weeks?

A

8-11 wk

p 1250

102
Q

Mobile particles observed in the amniotic fluid are termed?

A

Amniotic bands

103
Q

Nonanomalous conditions causing oligohydramnios?

A

IUGR, premature rupture of membranes, post date pregnancy (42 wks), CVS
p 1256

104
Q

Polyhydramnios is defined as an AFV greater than ____ml.

A

24 cm

105
Q

Maternal conditions associated with polyhydramnios

A

Diabetes, Rh incompatibility, anemia, congestive heart failure, obesity, syphilis
p 1255

106
Q

Fibrous bands of amnion that develop in utero and may entangle fetal parts

A

Amniotic bands

p 1260

107
Q

What is a circumvalet placenta?

A

Attachment of placental membranes to the fetal surface of the placenta.
p 1233

108
Q

What is vaso previa?

A

Cord membranes that lies across cervix

109
Q

Amniotic sheets are believed to be caused by?

A

Synechiae (uterine scars)

p 1261

110
Q

Congenital anomalies associated with polyhydramnios

A

GI system most common reason, central nervous system

p 1255

111
Q

Congential anomalies associated with oligohydramnios

A

Infantile polycystic kidney disease, renal agensis, posterior urethral valves (keyhole bladder), dysplastic kidneys, chromosomal abnormalities

p 1256

112
Q

Velematous and battledore placentas are?

A

Battledore: cord insertion at the placental margin

Velamentous: cord insertion on membranes

113
Q

Know increta, percreta, and accreta placentas

A

Increta- growth of chorionic villi deep into the myometrium

Percreta- growth of the chorionic villi through the myometrium to the uterine serosa

Accreta- growth of the chorionic villi to the myometrium; does not penetrate through the myometrium

114
Q

What is an abruption and what are the symptoms?

A

Bleeding from a normally situated placenta as a result of its complete or partial detachment from the maternal wall after the 20th week gestation
Symptoms: vaginal bleeding,abd/back pain, preterm labor, fetal demise, uterine irritability
p.1234

115
Q

What are Braxton hicks?

A

Spontaneous painless uterine contractions described originally as a sign of pregnancy; they occur from the first trimester to the end of pregnancy

116
Q

Major functions of the placenta

A

permit exchange of oxygenated maternal blood with deoxygenated fetal blood
p.1220

117
Q

What is a succenturiate placenta?

A

Accessory placental lobe

118
Q

What is placenta migration?

A

Movement of the placenta as the uterus enlarges the placenta; a low lying placenta may move out of the lower uterine segment in the second trimester

119
Q

Know symmetrical and asymmetrical IUGR

A

Symmetrical - occurs in 1st trimester, fetus is small in all parameters
Asymmetrical - (more common) occurs in 2nd & 3rd trimester, usually from placental insufficiency
p.1159

120
Q

Oxygenated blood enters the fetus via?

A

Ductus venousus

121
Q

Using maximum vertical pocket method, what measurement would indicate poly?

A

greater than 8 cm

p.1252

DSM OB/GYN (10 decks)

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