OB II Final Review Flashcards
Manual acquisition is also called which one of the following?
Free-hand acquisition
Three-dimensional (3-D) rendering that can look beyond the tissue surface is known as which one of the following renderings?
Transparent
Images rendered in 3-D are usually classified into which two groups?
Surface and transparent
The two main methods of acquisition are which of the following?
Manual and automatic
X-ray mode is also known as which one of the following?
Transparent mode
Small picture elements in a 3-D image are called which one of the following?
Voxels
Which one of the following statements about the fetal face is false?
The modified coronal view is best to image a cleft lip and palate. (this is false)
Extensive facial screening may be hindered by all of the following except:
Polyhydramnios
Craniosynostosis may be defined as which one of the following?
Premature closure of the cranial sutures
Which one of the following is the result from a malformation of the lymphatic system?
Cystic hygroma
Which one of the following statements about the facial profile is incorrect?
The facial profile has a strawberry-shaped cranium, which is described as a bulging of the occipital bones.(this is false)
Evaluation of the nasal triad should include all of the following except:
Nostril length
Which one of the following statements about cleft lip and palate is false?
A complete bilateral cleft lip and palate is a small gap in the left upper lip on the modified coronal view; the nose is flattened and widened.
(this is false)
Which one of the following statements about an epignathus is false?
Swallowing is not impaired in fetuses with epignathus.
this is false
The most common neck mass is which one of the following?
Cystic hygroma colli
What percentage of cystic hygromas is associated with chromosomal anomalies?
50
The bridge of the nose originates from the ____________ prominence.
Frontal
Proboscis suggests which one of the following abnormalities?
Holoprosencephaly
The optimal gestational age for measuring the nuchal translucency is _______ weeks.
10 to 14
The most common congenital anomaly of the face is which one of the following?
Cleft lip
Differential considerations for cystic hygroma include all of the following except:
Differential consideration for cystic hygroma includes meningomyelocele, encephalocele, nuchal edema, brachial cleft cyst, cystic teratoma, and thyroglossal cyst. NOT GOITER
Which one of the following terms describes a small chin?
Micrognathia
Which one of the following statements about facial anomalies is correct?
Facial anomalies occur as isolated defects or as part of a syndrome.
An elongated forehead in the sagittal plane and triangular in shape in the axial plane describes which one of the following abnormalities?
Trigonocephaly
Which one of the following statements about a fetal goiter is incorrect?
A fetal goiter appears heterogeneous.
this is false
Ear malformation may be observed in which one of the following?
Goldenhar syndrome
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is seen more frequently in which one of the following groups?
Native Americans
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is seen in 1 in 150 to 200 births in Native Americans; in 1 in 350 births in Asians; in 1 in 600 births in Caucasians; and in 1 in 3000 births in African Americans.
Congenital anomalies of the face occur in 1 in ______ births.
600
An isolated unilateral cleft lip defect commonly originates:
On the left side of the face
Which one of the following statements about neck teratomas is incorrect?
They are usually located posteriorly.
this is false
Which one of the following neural tube defects is characterized by a lack of development of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres and cranial vault and is an abnormality that is incompatible with life?
Anencephaly
What is Potters characterized by?
Renal agenesis
Oligo
Pulmonary hypoplasia
abnormal feet and hands
What are the classifications of cystic renal anomalies that Potters describes?
Type 1 : (AR) Infantile polycystic kidney
Type 2 : Adult multicystic dysplastic kidney
Type 3 : Adult polycystic kidney
Type 4 : Obstructive cystic
What is Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease?
Renal tissue replaced with cysts varying in size
Affected kidney nonfunctional
Most common in infants and neonates
Multiple non-communicating cyst
Which one of the following is the most severe form of holoprosencephaly, which is characterized by a single common ventricle and malformed brain? Orbital anomalies range from fused orbits to hypotelorism, with frequent nasal anomalies and clefting of the lip and palate.
Alobar
Which one of the following anomalies may be characterized by the presence of colpocephaly?
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
The absence of the cavum septi pellucidi is a distinguishing characteristic of which one of the following fetal anomalies?
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
Which one of the following defects is associated with Meckel-Gruber syndrome?
Encephalocele
Meckel-Gruber syndrome is characterized by an encephalocele, polydactyly, and polycystic kidneys. Anencephaly may result from a syndrome such as Meckel-Gruber.
Extrophy of the bladder
Occurs in males 1 in 50,000 births
What is extrophy of the bladder?
Protrusion of the posterior wall of the bladder which contain the trigone and ureteric orfices.
What causes extrophy of the bladder?
Defective closure of the inferior part of the abdominal wall durning 4th week gestation
Renal agenesis and infantile polycystic kidney are
Incompatible with life
Renal agensis
Absent of kidneys
Absent of AF due to no urine production
When do the fetal kidneys become a major contributor to the amniotic fluid
14-16 weeks
*observation of AF volume before 14-16 can not exclude renal agensis
With renal agensis what could the adrenal gland do?
Enlarge and mimic the kidney
Sono findings of Renal agensis
Severe oligo after 13-15 weeks
Persistent absent bladder
Failure to see kidneys
Abnormally small thorax
Facial anomalies in holoprosencephaly may represent all of the following except:
Hypertelorism
Which one of the following fetal head anomalies is characterized by the presence of a single primitive ventricle?
Holoprosencephaly
Which one of the following anomalies is characterized by the presence of a posterior fossa cyst and a splaying of the cerebellar hemispheres?
Dandy-Walker malformation
Which one of the following abnormalities is described as the congenital absence of the cerebral hemispheres resulting from an occlusion of the carotid arteries. The midbrain structures are present, and fluid replaces cerebral tissue.
Hydranencephaly
Ventriculomegaly is defined as lateral ventricular enlargement measuring greater than ____ millimeters (mm).
10
An open spinal defect characterized by a protrusion of meninges and spinal cord through the defect, usually within a meningeal sac, is called which one of the following?
Meningomyelocele
Conditions commonly associated with fetal hydrocephalus include all of the following except:
Choroid plexus cyst
Common causes of hydrocephalus include spina bifida, encephalocele, Dandy-Walker malformation, agenesis of the corpus callosum, holoprosencephaly, and aqueductal stenosis.
Ventriculomegaly coupled with an enlargement of the fetal head is called which one of the following?
Hydrocephalus
Which one of the following abnormalities is the most common open neural tube defect?
Anencephaly
Which one of the following fetal head anomalies is characterized by the presence of a single primitive ventricle?
Holoprosencephaly
A vein of Galen malformation is which one of the following abnormalities?
An aneurysm of the Galen vein
A rare arteriovenous malformation
A sporadic event
or ALL OF THE ABOVE
A form of holoprosencephaly characterized by a common ventricle, hypotelorism, and a nose with a single nostril is which one of the following?
Cebocephaly
Which one of the following statements about anencephaly is incorrect?
Anencephaly has a male prevalence.
Which one of the following statements about microcephaly is incorrect?
Microcephaly is an abnormally large head.
The differential considerations of anencephaly include all of the following except:
Arachnoid cyst
Which one of the following terms is used to describe the herniation of the meninges and brain through a calvarium defect?
Encephalocele
Differential considerations of Dandy-Walker malformation should include which one of the following?
Arachnoid cyst
What is Potters characterized by
Renal agenesis
Oligo
Pulmonary hypoplasia
abnormal feet and hands