Test 3 review

Question 1

if something is in static equilibrium what happens to electric and grav. forces?

Answer 1

in static equilibrium (like oil drop), the electric force (qE) = gravity force . hence qE= mg

Question 2

What type of molecule is a leptin receptor? Which method used to detect proteins?

Answer 2

Leptin receptor is a protein.
Western blotting can be used to detect proteins

Question 3

What occurs during Oxidative phosphorylation ? Where does it occur?

Answer 3

there is a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, where formation of ATP occurs by ATP synthase.

Question 4

Why is ATP a good energy carrier ?

Answer 4

ATP a good energy carrier b/c it has an intermediate transfer potential. This allows higher energy phosphate carriers (like creatine phosphate) to drive the synthesis of ATP by transferring their phosphate groups to ADP

Question 5

What determines the polarity of a bond ?

Answer 5

The polarity of a bond depends on the difference in electronegativity between the two bonding atoms:
The larger the difference, the more unequal the sharing of electrons, and the more polar the bond.
ex: the Si—Cl bond (Cl is more EN than Si by large difference) hence it is polar

Question 6

what is the relationship between decibel (sound) level and intensity of sound?

Answer 6

For each increase by 10 in the decibel level, the intensity of the sound increases by a factor of 10.
ex: if sound level changes from 35 db to 55 db, decibel level has increased by two units of 10 (since 55 – 35 = 20 = 10 + 10), so the sound intensity increases by two factors of 10, that is, by a factor of 10^2 = 100.

Question 7

How do you change an equilibrium constant ?

Answer 7

Change the Temperature

Question 8

How does a catalyst (enzyme) increase reaction rate ?

Answer 8

it decreases activation energy

Question 9

What is the difference in pressure between two points in a static fluid ?

Answer 9

The difference in pressure between two points in a static fluid is given by the expression ρfluidgy, where y is the vertical distance between the two points.

Question 10

what is equation for volume flow rate?

Answer 10

Volume flow rate; F= Av
A: cross sectional area
V: average speed of flow

Question 11

How many L is one 1 m^3

Answer 11

1000 L = 1 m^3

Question 12

What is a lewis base?

Answer 12

A Lewis base functions as an electron donor in an acid-base reaction
-lewis base aka ligand

Question 13

What is a Bronsted acid vs base ?

Answer 13

A Brønsted acid acts as a proton donor
Brønsted base acts as a proton acceptor;

Question 14

What is Snell’s law equation

Answer 14

Snell’s Law: n1sintheta1 = n2 sin theta 2

Question 15

what is relationship between H+ concentration and pH

Answer 15

The higher the H+ concentration, the Lower the pH

Question 16

Where does post translational modification occur? What happens after that?

Answer 16

Posttranslational modification occurs in the ER . T
hen transportation to the plasma membrane via vesicles occur

Question 17

Where does translation of proteins occur?

Answer 17

cytosol

Question 18

What is role of signal recognition particle in translation ?

Answer 18

The signal recognition particle identifies Partially translated mRNA-ribosome complexes with a targeting sequence in the cytosol and targets them to the rough ER, at which point translation continues and post-translational modifications

Question 19

When can hydride shifts occur?

Answer 19

Hydride shifts can occur only from a CARBOCATION intermediate

Question 20

Is methyl iodide (Ch3I) a nucleophile or electrophile ?

Answer 20

Ch3I is a electrophile (since double bond will attack it and substitute I )

Question 21

how do imines vs Examines form ?

Answer 21

Enamines form when an aldehyde or ketone combines with a secondary amine
Imines form when an aldehyde or ketone combines with a primary amine

Question 22

What happens to atom in Beta - decay?

Answer 22

Each β– decay increases the number of protons by 1, but leaves the total number of protons and neutrons (mass number) unchanged.

Question 23

What happens to atom in alpha decay ?

Answer 23

Each αlpha decay DECREASES the number of protons by 2 and decreases the total number of protons and neutrons (mass number) by 4.

Question 24

What is the equation that relates momentum (p) to kinetic energy (K) ?

Answer 24

equation relating momentum, p, to kinetic energy, K, is p = square root of 2 x Kinetic energy (K) x mass

Question 25

Is alpha or beta smaller particle ?

Answer 25

Beta particles are smaller mass and hence has lower momentum
-also smaller particles have fewer collisions
-

Question 26

why does alpha particle travel shorter distances than beta particles

Answer 26

alpha particles have a greater size and charge, causing it to have more interactions and dissipate energy faster

Question 27

what is the equation for magnification ?

Answer 27

m= - image/object

Question 28

For electron configuration, what is unique about Cr and Cu?

Answer 28

Cr family promotes one electron from their s-shells to half-fill the d-orbitals,
The Cu family, completely FILLs the d-orbitals,

Question 29

What is increased the most in an individual with uncontrollable diabetes ?

Answer 29

KETONE BODIES

Question 30

What kind of ksp will likely cause precipitation ?

Answer 30

LOWEST Ksp is the compound that would precipitate first

Question 31

what is the role of acetylcholine receptor in neuromuscular junction ?

Answer 31

The acetylcholine receptor in the neuromuscular junction is a ligand-gated sodium channel. When it binds acetylcholine, it opens to allow sodium to flow down a gradient into the cell, DEPOLARIZING the muscle cell. The more that the channel is open, the greater the depolarization