Test 3: Respiratory Practice

Question 1

One of the more serious sequelae of strep throat; an inflammatory disease of the heart, joints, and CNS.

Answer 1

Acute rheumatic fever

Question 2

Adenoids; located above the palatine tonsils on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx.

Answer 2

pharyngeal tonsils

Question 3

One of the more serious sequelae of strep throat; an acute kidney infection.

Answer 3

Acute glomerulonephritis

Question 4

Removal of the adenoids; recommended for those children in whom hypertrophied adenoids obstruct nasal breathing.

Answer 4

adenoidectomy

Question 5

The mass of lymphoid tissue that encircles the nasal and oral pharynx.

Answer 5

Waldeyer tonsillar ring

Question 6

Consists of the alveoli, bronchi, and bronchioles ( the reactive portion on the airway with smooth muscle and the ability to constrict).

Answer 6

lower respiratory tract

Question 7

Faucial tonsils; located on either side of the oropharynx, behind and below the pillars of the fauces; usually visible during oral examination; removed during tonsillectomy.

Answer 7

Palatine tonsils

Question 8

A slide test of high specificity for the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis.

Answer 8

Spot test (Monospot)

Question 9

Consists primarily of the nose and pharynx; upper airway.

Answer 9

Upper respiratory tract

Question 10

Removal of the palatine tonsils; indicated for massive hypertrophy that results in difficulty breathing or eating.

Answer 10

tonsillectomy

Question 11

Also known as the pharyngeal tonsils.

Answer 11

adenoids

Question 12

Major changes in viruses that occur at the intervals of years (usually 5 t0 10).

Answer 12

antigenic shift

Question 13

A virus; the principal cause of infectious mononucleosis.

Answer 13

Epstein-Barr (EB)

Question 14

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) infection of the upper airway.

Answer 14

Strep throat

Question 15

Located at the base of the tongue.

Answer 15

lingual tonsils

Question 16

Minor variations in viruses that occur almost annually.

Answer 16

antigenic drift

Question 17

Determines the extent to which the patient’s serum will agglutinate sheep red blood cells; used to diagnose infectious mononucleosis (titer of 1:160 required for diagnosis); rapid sensitive, inexpensive, and easy to perform.

Answer 17

heterophil antibody test

Question 18

Found near the posterior nasopharyngeal opening of the eustachian tubes; not a part of the Waldeyer tonsillar ring.

Answer 18

tubal tonsils

Question 19

An inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid otoscopy; characterized by perforation and discharge (otorrhea) lasting up to 6 weeks.

Answer 19

chronic supportive otitis media

Question 20

Assess the mobility of the tympanic membrane, using air transmission.

Answer 20

pneumatic otoscopy

Question 21

Middle ear inflammation with rapid and short onset of signs and symptoms lasting approximately 3 weeks.

Answer 21

Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

Question 22

Infection of the inner ear.

Answer 22

labyrinthitis

Question 23

One of the least common but potentially most dangerous sequelae of OME; the formation of a keratinized epithelial cell lining that forms scales within the middle ear space; erodes all of the structures it encounters; especially bone.

Answer 23

cholesteatoma

Question 24

An inflammation of the middle ear w/o reference to etiology or pathogenesis.

Answer 24

otitis media

Question 25

Eardrum scarring; the deposition of hyaline material into the fibrous layer of the tympanic membrane; associated with repeated inflammatory AOM or with repeated tympanoplasty tube placement.

Answer 25

tympanosclerosis

Question 26

Infection of the mastoid sinus.

Answer 26

mastoiditis

Question 27

One of the consequences of prolonged middle ear disorder, usually conductive and not severe.

Answer 27

hearing loss

Question 28

A thickening of the mucous membrane by proliferation of fibrous tissue that can cause fixation of the ossicles with resultant hearing loss; sometimes called "glue ear".

Answer 28

adhesive otitis media

Question 29

A suppurative intracranial complication from the extension of a middle ear or mastoid infection.

Answer 29

meningitis

Question 30

Middle ear effusion that persists beyond 3 months

Answer 30

chronic otitis media with effusion

Question 31

A common complication of AOM; often accompanies chronic disease; a complication of tympanoplasty tube placement.

Answer 31

eardrum perforation

Question 32

Retraction pocket; occurs wen continued negative middle ear pressure draws the tympanic membrane inward; may result in impaired sound transmission

Answer 32

tympanic membrane retraction

Question 33

The test to assess mobility of the tympanic membrane using sound transmission.

Answer 33

tympanometry

Question 34

Inflammation of the middle ear in which a collection of fluid is present in the middle ear space.

Answer 34

otitis media with effusion (OME)

Question 35

Otitis externa; inflammation that occurs when the external ear environment is altered during swimming, bathing, or conditions of increased humidity.

Answer 35

swimmer's ear

Question 36

Result that usually means the child has never been infected with the organism.

Answer 36

negative reaction TB skin test

Question 37

Responsible for at least 50% of children admitted for bronchiolitis.

Answer 37

RSV (Respiratory syncytial virus)

Question 38

Aspiration of lavaged contents from the fasting stomach; the best means for obtaining material for respiratory smears or culture.

Answer 38

gastric washings

Question 39

The type of pneumonia in which the inflammatory process is confined within the alveolar walls and the peribronchial and interlobular tissues.

Answer 39

interstitial pneumonia

Question 40

Nebulized epinephrine; used in children with stridor at rest, retactions, or difficulty breathing

Answer 40

racemic epinephrine

Question 41

Meningeal symptoms

Answer 41

meningism

Question 42

A symptom complex characterized by hoarseness, a resonant cough described as "barking" or "brassy", inspiratory stridor, and respiratory distress from swelling in the region of the larynx.

Answer 42

croup

Question 43

Includes the bronchi and bronchioles in children because cartilaginous support of the large airways is not fully developed until adolescence.

Answer 43

reactive portion of the lungs

Question 44

Formed by epithelial cells surrounding and encapsulating multiplying bacilli in an attempt to wall off the invading organisms

Answer 44

tubercle

Question 45

The type of pneumonia that begins in the terminal bronchioles, which become clogged with mucopurulent exudates to form consolidated patches in the nearby lobule.

Answer 45

bronchopneumonia

Question 46

An antiviral agent; may be used to treat RSV.

Answer 46

Ribavirin

Question 47

Progressive overinflation of the lung caused by obstruction of the small airway passages, which prevents air from leaving the lungs.

Answer 47

emphysema

Question 48

Used widely; standard dose is 5 tuberculin units in 0.1 mL of solution, injected intradermally; Mantoux test.

Answer 48

PPD (Purified Protein Derivative)

Question 49

Widespread dissemination of the tubercle bacillus to near and distant sites.

Answer 49

Miliary TB

Question 50

Result that indicates a person has been infected; does not confirm the presence of active disease.

Answer 50

positive reaction TB skin test

Question 51

The type of pneumonia in which all or a large segment of one or more pulmonary lobes is involved; known as "bilateral" or "double pneumonia" when both lungs are affected.

Answer 51

lobar pneumonial

Question 52

Respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin; has been used prophylactically to prevent RSV in high-risk infants.

Answer 52

RespiGam

Question 53

The inflammation of the large airways, which is frequently associated with an upper respiratory infection; primarily caused by viral agents

Answer 53

tracheobronchitis

Question 54

The localized acute inflammation of the lung w/o the toxemia associated with lobar pneumonia.

Answer 54

pneumonitis

Question 55

Manifested by a positive skin test; asymptomatic

Answer 55

TB infection

Question 56

The single most important test to determine whether a child has been infected with the tubercle bacillus.

Answer 56

Tuberculin test

Question 57

Diagnosed by positive chest radiograph, positive sputum culture, and presence of signs of the disease.

Answer 57

TB disease