Test 2: Various Topics Flashcards
How is Lyme disease contracted?
Tick bite by tick infected with Borrelia burgdorgeri
What part of the country is Lyme disease most common?
Northeast
What are symptoms of Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever?
Fever for 2-3 wks Malaise Deep muscle pain Chills Conjunctival infection Rash and petechia
How is RMSF contracted?
tick bite
What part of the country is RMSF most commonly seen?
Rocky Mtn states (middle to mid-west)
What lab value is considered lead poisoning?
10 mg/dL or greater
What demographic is more prone to lead poisoning?
Poverty
- older dwellings with lead paint
- insufficient diet
What level of lead would need to be reported?
5 mcg/dL
What body system is most affected by lead poisoning?
neurological problems
- decreased IQ
- behavioral problems
- school difficulties
What is SIDS?
sudden, unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant
What causes SIDS?
unknown
What are potential causes of SIDS?
- brainstem anomaly
- genetic predisposition
- maternal smoking
- prone sleeping/co-sleeping
- soft bedding
What are ways to prevent SIDS?
- back to sleep
- firm sleeping surface
- no soft objects/loose bedding in crib
- avoid overheating
- blankets no higher than shoulders
- no smoking during pregnancy
What is strabismus?
“cross-eye”
ONE EYE deviates from the point of fixation
What is the visual risk associated with strabismus?
If misalignment is constant the weak eye becomes “lazy”.
Amblyopia can result if not corrected by 4-6 years old.
Why is a patch worn over one eye in strabismus?
patch worn over strong eye to retrain weak eye
Why is ASA avoided in children with viral infections?
Reye syndrome
What causes iron deficiency in infants?
premature birth results in decreased iron stores
What causes iron deficiency in toddlers?
excessive intake of cow’s milk
How can iron deficiency be prevented in infants?
supplement iron for infants, especially low birth weight
What are the 3 types of shock?
1) hypovolemic
2) cardiogenic
3) distributive
What is shock?
The vital organs are not provided adequate oxygen and begin to stop working
What are signs of shock?
skin is cool/clammy mottling poor cap refill reduced urinary output anaerobic metabolism (acidosis) thickening of blood tachycardia tachypnea change in LOC
What are early signs of shock?
(Think DrIFT)
- Delayed cap refill
- Irritable
- Fussy
- Tachycardia
What are late signs of shock?
- bradycardia
- altered mental status (lethargy, coma)
- hypotonia
- decreased DTR
- Cheyne-Stokes breathing (b/c acidotic)
- hypotension (very late sign)
What are 2 types of distributive shock?
septic shock
anaphylaxis
Septic shock is caused by what? What happens here?
certain infections;
Capillaries dilate letting out albumin, third spacing of fluids
Anaphylaxis is caused by what? What happens here?
hypersensitivity;
Release histamine, vasodilation, increased cap permeability, fluid leaks into interstitial spaces, decreased venous return
LIFE THREATENING
How is septic shock treated?
- O2
- treat underlying cause
- IV fluids (crystalloid THEN colloid)
- improvement of pump (heart - vasopressor)
How is anaphylactic shock treated?
ABC’s:
Airway - intubation
Breathing - bag/valve mask
Circulation - benadryl, adrenaline/epi
What are the 3 stages of shock?
1) compensated (warm)
2) uncompensated (cool)
3) irreversible (cold)
Signs of compensated stage of shock?
mild tachycardia
fever/chills
vasodilation
Signs of uncompensated stage of shock?
pronounced tachycardia
prolonged cap refill
BP maintained
LOC changes
Signs of irreversible shock?
thready pulse
BP decreases coma
