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Pediatrics (RM) > Test 2: Various Topics > Flashcards

Test 2: Various Topics Flashcards

1
Q

How is Lyme disease contracted?

A

Tick bite by tick infected with Borrelia burgdorgeri

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2
Q

What part of the country is Lyme disease most common?

A

Northeast

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3
Q

What are symptoms of Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever?

A 
Fever for 2-3 wks
Malaise
Deep muscle pain
Chills
Conjunctival infection
Rash and petechia
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4
Q

How is RMSF contracted?

A

tick bite

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5
Q

What part of the country is RMSF most commonly seen?

A

Rocky Mtn states (middle to mid-west)

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6
Q

What lab value is considered lead poisoning?

A

10 mg/dL or greater

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7
Q

What demographic is more prone to lead poisoning?

A

Poverty

  • older dwellings with lead paint
  • insufficient diet
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8
Q

What level of lead would need to be reported?

A

5 mcg/dL

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9
Q

What body system is most affected by lead poisoning?

A

neurological problems

  • decreased IQ
  • behavioral problems
  • school difficulties
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10
Q

What is SIDS?

A

sudden, unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant

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11
Q

What causes SIDS?

A

unknown

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12
Q

What are potential causes of SIDS?

A
  • brainstem anomaly
  • genetic predisposition
  • maternal smoking
  • prone sleeping/co-sleeping
  • soft bedding
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13
Q

What are ways to prevent SIDS?

A
  • back to sleep
  • firm sleeping surface
  • no soft objects/loose bedding in crib
  • avoid overheating
  • blankets no higher than shoulders
  • no smoking during pregnancy
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14
Q

What is strabismus?

A

“cross-eye”

ONE EYE deviates from the point of fixation

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15
Q

What is the visual risk associated with strabismus?

A

If misalignment is constant the weak eye becomes “lazy”.

Amblyopia can result if not corrected by 4-6 years old.

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16
Q

Why is a patch worn over one eye in strabismus?

A

patch worn over strong eye to retrain weak eye

17
Q

Why is ASA avoided in children with viral infections?

A

Reye syndrome

18
Q

What causes iron deficiency in infants?

A

premature birth results in decreased iron stores

19
Q

What causes iron deficiency in toddlers?

A

excessive intake of cow’s milk

20
Q

How can iron deficiency be prevented in infants?

A

supplement iron for infants, especially low birth weight

21
Q

What are the 3 types of shock?

A

1) hypovolemic
2) cardiogenic
3) distributive

22
Q

What is shock?

A

The vital organs are not provided adequate oxygen and begin to stop working

23
Q

What are signs of shock?

A 
skin is cool/clammy
mottling
poor cap refill
reduced urinary output
anaerobic metabolism (acidosis)
thickening of blood
tachycardia
tachypnea
change in LOC
24
Q

What are early signs of shock?

A

(Think DrIFT)

  • Delayed cap refill
  • Irritable
  • Fussy
  • Tachycardia
25
Q

What are late signs of shock?

A
  • bradycardia
  • altered mental status (lethargy, coma)
  • hypotonia
  • decreased DTR
  • Cheyne-Stokes breathing (b/c acidotic)
  • hypotension (very late sign)
26
Q

What are 2 types of distributive shock?

A

septic shock

anaphylaxis

27
Q

Septic shock is caused by what? What happens here?

A

certain infections;

Capillaries dilate letting out albumin, third spacing of fluids

28
Q

Anaphylaxis is caused by what? What happens here?

A

hypersensitivity;
Release histamine, vasodilation, increased cap permeability, fluid leaks into interstitial spaces, decreased venous return
LIFE THREATENING

29
Q

How is septic shock treated?

A
  • O2
  • treat underlying cause
  • IV fluids (crystalloid THEN colloid)
  • improvement of pump (heart - vasopressor)
30
Q

How is anaphylactic shock treated?

A

ABC’s:
Airway - intubation
Breathing - bag/valve mask
Circulation - benadryl, adrenaline/epi

31
Q

What are the 3 stages of shock?

A

1) compensated (warm)
2) uncompensated (cool)
3) irreversible (cold)

32
Q

Signs of compensated stage of shock?

A

mild tachycardia
fever/chills
vasodilation

33
Q

Signs of uncompensated stage of shock?

A

pronounced tachycardia
prolonged cap refill
BP maintained
LOC changes

34
Q

Signs of irreversible shock?

A

thready pulse

BP decreases coma

Pediatrics (RM) (27 decks)

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