Test 3: Normal values/ How its Measured/ Use Flashcards
Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP)
70 - 100 mm Hg
MAP formula
(Systolic pressure + diastolic)/ 3
MAP is used to calculate
systemic vascular resistance; used in hemodynamic monitoring when giving vasoactive drugs
Normal Pulse pressure (systemic)
40 mm Hg
Pulse pressure (systemic) formula
systolic - diastolic
Pulse pressure (systemic) is used to
estimate the force of the pulse
Stroke volume (SV) range
60- 100 mL
SV formula
Q/heart rate
SV provides information about
cardiac performance
Cardiac index (CI) range
2.5- 4 L/min/m2
CI formula
Q body surface area (BSA
CI is important determinant of
cardiac performance (removes body size as a variable)
Stroke Index (SI) range
35- 55 mL/beat m2
SI formula
SV/BSA
SI is an important determinant of
cardiac performance (removes body size as a variable)
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) range
900-1500 dyne x s x cm-5
SVR formula
([MAP-CVP]/CO) x 80
SVR is used to measure…..
And is useful in diagnosis of vascular problems
resistance in systemic circulation;
Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
100- 250 dyne x s x cm-5
PVR formula
( [MPAP-PAOP]/Q) X 80
PVR is used to measure resistance in the….
And is useful in the diagnosis of pulmonary vascular problems
pulmonary vascular bed;
Mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) range
10- 20 mm Hg
MPAP formula
pulmonary systolic pressure+ pulmonary diastolic pressure
MPAP is used to calculate
pulmonary vascular resistance
Oxygen content of arterial blood (CaO2)
20 vol%
CaO2 formula
(SaO2 x Hb) x1.34
CaO2 is used to calculate (3)
O2 delivery, cardiac output, and shunt fraction
Oxygen content of mixed venous blood (CVO2)
15%
CVO2 formula
(SVO2 x Hb) x 1.34
CVO2 is used to calculate (2)
cardiac output and shunt fraction
Arterial-to-venous oxygen content difference range
3.5 to 5.0 mL/100 mL or vol%
Arterial-to-venous oxygen content difference formula
C(a-V)O2
Arterial-to-venous oxygen content difference is the
index of tissue oxygenation
Oxygen transport (DO2) range
500-1000 mL/min
DO2 formula
Q x CaO2
DO2 indicates the amount of
oxygen delivered to the tissues
Oxygen consumption (VO2) range
200- 300 mL/min
VO2 formula
Q x (CaO2- CVO2)
VO2 indicates the metabolic rate , this can be measured
indirectly by noninvasive means but only with great difficultly
Heart rate (HR)
60 - 100 bpm
How is HR measured?
Pulse rate
HR is used in early index of
tachycardia and bradycardia
Blood pressure (systemic) (BP) range
Systolic: 90 -140 mm Hg
Diastolic: 60- 90 mm Hg
How is BP measured?
BP cuff or arterial line
BP is used in early index of
hypertension or hypotension
Central venous pressure (CVP)
2- 6 mm Hg
How is CVP measured?
CVP catheter or PA three or four-lumen catheter
CVP is used to estimate (2)
right ventricular preload; also for drug and fluid administration
Pulmonary artery occlusion (PAP)
Systolic and diastolic
systolic: 15- 35 mm Hg
diastolic 5-15 mm Hg
How is PAP measured
PA catheter
PAP is used to determine
PAP and to pressure PVR
Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP)
5- 12 mm Hg
How is PAOP measured
PA catheter in the occluded position (balloon inflated)
PAOP is used to estimate
left ventricular filling and preload
Cardiac output (CO)
4-8 L/min
How is CO measured?
By thermodilution or dye dilution
CO is used as an important determinant of
hemodynamic function
Partial pressure of oxygen in mixed venous blood (PVO2)
40 mm Hg
How is PVO2 meausred?
From blood from the distal port of the PA catheter
PVO2 is used as an overall parameter for assessment of
cardiopulmonary function
Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2)
80 - 100 mm Hg
How is PaO2 measured?
From a systemic artery
PaO2 is used to assess the
level of arterial oxygenation
What diseases increases CVP (10)
- chronic bronchitis
- pulmonary embolism
- Lung collapse
- Kyphoscoliosis
- Pneumoconiosis
- Chronic interstitial lung diseases
- Lung cancer (tumor mass)
- Hypervolemia
- Right-sided heart failure
- Maybe ARDS
What disease decreses CVP (1)
Hypovolemia
What diseases increases PAP (10)
- Chronic bronchitis x2
- Pulmonary edema (cardiogenic)
- Pulmonary embolism x2
- Kyphoscoliosis
- Pneumoconiosis x2
- Chronic interstitial lung disease x2
- Lung cancer (tumor mass)
- Hypervolemia
- Lung collapse
- Maybe ARDS
What diseases decreases PAP (2)
- Hypovolemia
- Right-sided heart failure
What diseases increases PAOP? (2)
- Pulmonary edema (cardiogenic) x2
- Hypervolemia
What diseases decreases PAOP? (4)
- Pulmonary embolism
- Lung collapse
- Hypovolemia
- Lung cancer (tumor mass)
What diseases are unchanged in PAOP? (4)
- ARDS
- Kyphoscoliosis
- Pneumoconiosis
- Chronic interstitial lung diseases
Chronic bronchitis does not apply towards PAOP
!
What disease increases CO? (1)
Hypervolemia
What diseases decreases CO? (5)
- Pulmonary edema (cardiogenic)
- Pulmonary embolism
- Lung collapse
- Lung cancer (tumor mass)
- Hypovolemia
What disease process is unchanged in CO? (4)
- ARDS
- Kyphoscoliosis
- Pneumoconiosis
- Chronic interstitial lung diseases
Chronic bronchitis is not affected by CO
!
What disease process is unchanged in SVR (8)
- Pulmonary embolism
- ARDS
- Kyphoscoliosis
- Pneumoconiosis
- Chronic interstial lung disease
- Lung cancer (tumor mass)
- Hypervolemia
- Right- sided heart failure
Chronic broncitis is unaffected by SVR
!
What diseases decreases SVR (2)
- Pulmonary edema (cardiogenic)
- Lung collapse
What diseases increases PVR (10)
- Chonric bronchitis
- Pulmonary edema (cardiogenic)
- Pulmonary embolism (can be unchanged too)
- ARDS (can be unchanged too)
- Lung collapse
- Pleural disease (e.g., hemothorax)
- Kyphoscoliosis
- Chronic interstial lung disease
- Lung cancer (tumor mass)
Hypervolemia
What disease increases SVR
Hypovolemia
What disease is unchanged PVR
Hypovolemia
