test 3 giardia and trichomonas

Question 1

What is an axostyle?

Answer 1

tube like organelle in some flagellates. extends from the area of the kinetosome to the posterior end.

Question 2

What is a kinetosome?

Answer 2

basal bodies specifically found in ciliates.

Question 3

Where does Trichomonas vaginalis? T. hominis? T. tenax? T. foetus?

Answer 3

T. vaginalis lives in the reproductive tract.
T. hominis lives in the gut.
T. tenax lives in the mouth.
T. foetus parasitizes cattle.

Question 4

How long can Trichomonis live outside the body?

Answer 4

only 1-2 hours, or up to 24 if in urine.

Question 5

What about a T. vaginalis infection causes vaginitis?

Answer 5

Desquamation and inflammation

Question 6

Describe the life cycle of T. vaginalis.

Answer 6

Gets passed from person to person by sexual intercourse. In the reproductive tract the parasite multiplies by binary fission.

Question 7

Where are the most common sites of a T. vaginalis infection?

Answer 7

Urethra in men.

Vagina in women.

Question 8

What are the symptoms of T. vaginalis infection?

Answer 8

Women: Creamy, frothy discharge; itching, burning; dysuria.
Men: asymptomatic. ocasionally urethritis

Question 9

How does T. vaginalis cause cell death?

Answer 9

secreted proteases at the site of parasite attachment.

Question 10

What is the treatment for T. vaginalis?

Answer 10

oral metronidazole

Question 11

What is the undulating membrane?

Answer 11

little wavy thing on the parasites body.

Question 12

How many flagella does T. vaginalis have?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

Why is a T. fetus such a big problem?

Answer 13

causes sponaneous abortions within the first trimester.

Question 14

If a bull is infected with T. fetus what is the solution?

Answer 14

THey are usually culled because no approved therapy is available.

Question 15

Where does T. tenax live in the mouth?

Answer 15

in the tartar around teeth or in teeth defects. associated with pus pockets.

Question 16

Which of the 3 human trichomonas is the least common?

Answer 16

T. hominis. lives in the colon.

Question 17

Who was probably the first person to discover giardia?

Answer 17

Leeuwenhoek

Question 18

What is the most common flagellate of the human digestive tract? How many cases are there per year?

Answer 18

Giardia intestinalis (lamblia or duodenalis)
200 million

Question 19

Why is the zoonotic transmission of giardia controversial?

Answer 19

They havent been able to find a clear link between human and animal infections. Giardia could infect a wide range of hosts or each species could have its own type of giardia. Transmission between dogs and humans is rare.

Question 20

What is the best way to remove the parasite from water? How long can cysts survive in cold water?

Answer 20

Filtration. Chemicals like chlorine wont kill the parasite.

weeks to months.

Question 21

How much of the population in developing countries is infected with giardia? U.S.?

Answer 21

10%

4%

Question 22

How does giardia feed? What is the effect?

Answer 22

attaches to the microvilli.
causes malabsorption (lactase def. carbs, fats, B12 lost), flattening of the villi, duodenal ulcerations.

Question 23

How many cases are asymptomatic?

Answer 23

2/3 in endemic areas, 1/3 in an outbreak.

Question 24

how long is the incubation period?

Answer 24

1-3 weeks.

Question 25

how long does it take for the symptoms to resolve?

Answer 25

1-4 weeks

Question 26

How does one diagnose a G. lamblia infection?

Answer 26

cysts or trophozoites in the stool. antigen detection. UGI biopsies or aspirates

Question 27

What drug is used to treat giardia infection?

Answer 27

metronidazole.

Question 28

What is the best way to remove pathogens from a water supply?

Answer 28

filter.