Test 2 into to cestodes

Question 1

Define: Cysticercus

Answer 1

Infective form of the tapeworm. After the egg hatches it becomes a cysticercus

Question 2

Define: Cysticercoid

Answer 2

Larval form of the tapeworm. Similar to Cysticercus but with a scolex filling the cyst.

Question 3

Define Strobila

Answer 3

Body of the tapeworm containing many proglottids.

Question 4

Define Proglottid

Answer 4

Contains male and female gonads. Fill with eggs

Question 5

Define Bothria

Answer 5

Shallow sucking grooves

Question 6

Define Bothridia

Answer 6

Four leaflike flexible structures

Question 7

Define acetabula

Answer 7

Four hemispherical muscular cups

Question 8

Define rostella

Answer 8

head of the worm. crown. may contain hooks

Question 9

Define scolex

Answer 9

head of the worm. has suckers and sometimes hooklets for attachment.

Question 10

Where are the sexually immature proglottids found?

Answer 10

closest to the scolex

Question 11

What does gravid mean?

Answer 11

filled with eggs.

Question 12

How many hosts does a tapeworm require to live?

Answer 12

More than one (except H. nana)

Question 13

In the definitive host, where do the adults reside?

Answer 13

In the GI tract

Question 14

Describe the life cycle of the typical tapeworm.

Answer 14

adults live the the GI tract. after about 3 months they mature and start producing eggs. Gravid proglottids or even eggs themselves are passed in the feces. the eggs are eaten by an intermediate host where they develop into cysticerci. This is the infectious stage. at this stage they migrate to the intermediate hosts muscle cells. the animal is eaten and the cysticerci migrate to the GI tract where they mature.

Question 15

how do tapeworms get nutrients?

Answer 15

absorb nutrients through the proglottids.

Question 16

What is the scientific name for the beef tapeworm?

Answer 16

Taenia saginata

Question 17

how long do T. saginata eggs remain infectious? What do they infect?

Answer 17

about 159 days. Infect cows, sometime llamas

Question 18

How long can a tapeworm live for? how long can they get?

Answer 18

25 years. 4-10 meters

Question 19

how many proglottids will be on a T. saginatas body?

Answer 19

1000-2000

Question 20

Describe the proglottids.

Answer 20

Gravid proglottids are longer than they are wide (20X5 mm). uterus contains 15 or more side branches.

Question 21

How do the tapeworm eggs get out?

Answer 21

Entire gravid proglottids are passed through the anus.

Question 22

Describe the eggs of T. saginata.

Answer 22

Eggs contain a fully developed embryo. Embryo has three pairs of hooklets. Eggs have a thick, radially striated, brown shell.

Question 23

Describe what happens when a cow eats a T. saginata egg.

Answer 23

The larva are released from the egg in the small intestine. The larva penetrates the intestinal wall and get into the blood stream. The blood carries the larva to striated muscle where it becomes a bladder worm or cysticercus. Stays in muscle for up to three years waiting to be eaten. The scolex is held in the cyst like structure (balloon with a finger pushing it in)

Question 24

What are the clinical manifestations of a tapeworm infection?

Answer 24

Symptoms are usually asyptomatic. Some people might experience epigastric fullness or epigastric pain. Proglottids are passed through the anus and may be found in stools, bedding, or clothing.

Question 25

What is the drug of choice for tapeworm treatment?

Answer 25

Praziquantel.

Question 26

How do you prevent getting a tapeworm infection?

Answer 26

Cook meat at 56 degrees C for at least 5 mins or freeze it for 5 days at -10 degrees C. Dont defecate out in field where cattle are grazing to keep it from infecting cows. Inspect meat.

Question 27

What is the scientific name for the pork tapeworm?

Answer 27

Taenia solium

Question 28

What can T. solium eggs infect?

Answer 28

Humans or pigs

Question 29

Describe the life cycle of T. solium.

Answer 29

Same as T. saginata

Question 30

What is the difference between the human and pig cycles?

Answer 30

Human cycle is when the human is the intermediate host. Pig cycle is where the pig is the intermediate host.

Question 31

How does a human play the intermediate host role?

Answer 31

BY eating eggs. By retro infection (eggs go backwards by perilstalsis) or by eating eggs (fecal oral contact).

Question 32

What is the pathology associated with a T. solium infection where the person ingests eggs?

Answer 32

cysticercus migrates through the body. can become lodged in muscle, eye, or the brain. Inflammation happens when the parasite dies.

Question 33

How many uterine branches are in a proglottid of T. solium?

Answer 33

less than 14. use this to differentiate from T. saginata