test 3 coccidian

Question 1

Describe the apicomplexans.

Answer 1

Unicellular protists. have a unique organelle called the apical complex, which helps them burrow into cells.

Question 2

Name the diseases caused by apicomplexan organisms.

Answer 2

Babesiosis, Malaria, cryptosporidiosis, and coccidian diseases including: Cyclosporiasis, toxoplasmosis

Question 3

What are the structures in the apical complex called that secrete enzymes that allow the parasite to enter a cell?

Answer 3

Rhoptries and micronemes.

Question 4

Where in the body do coccida infect?

Answer 4

cells in the intestinal tract. They are obligate intracellular parasites.

Question 5

What is the general lifecycles of coccidians?

Answer 5

Starts with a sporulated oocyst, which contains 4 sporocysts. It is swallowed and and oocyst releases the sporocysts. Out of the sporocysts come 2 sporozoites which invade the cells in the gut. In the gut cell they form a trophozoite, which becomes a schizont. Merozoites are released from the schizont. The merozoites can reinfect a cell or go on to become male or female gametes. Male and female fuse to form the oocyst.

Question 6

Where does the cryptosporidium parasites infect?

Answer 6

In the intestines in the brush border.

Question 7

Where do Cryptosporidium oocysts sporulate?

Answer 7

inside the host.

Question 8

How many sporozoites are in one cryptosporidium oocyst?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

Differentiate the two different types of cryptosporidium (C. hominis and C. parvum).

Answer 9

C. hominis is almost exclusively a parasite of humans and is very aggressive. C. parvum infects a wider range of hosts including humans.

Question 10

How many oocysts are produced by calves every year?

Answer 10

65 quadrillion

Question 11

What does intracellular extracytoplasmic mean?

Answer 11

the trophozoite hangs on the outside of the cell so its inside but not surrounded by the cytosol.

Question 12

Describe cryptosporidiosis.

Answer 12

Explosive onset of watery diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal cramps.
Resolves spontaneously.
Second infection is very mild in immunocompetent people.

Question 13

Describe cryptosporidiosis in an immunocomprised person.

Answer 13

abdominal pain, weight loss, high mortality.
Small percent have no symptoms, 30% have transient diarrhea, 60% have chronic diarrhea, small percent have severe cholera like symptoms (can excrete 2 liters of fluid per day).

Question 14

What goes into a diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis?

Answer 14

biopsy of jejunem or rectum, examination of stool sample.

Question 15

What drug is recommended for treatment?

Answer 15

Nitazoxanide

Question 16

Where is Isospora belli found?

Answer 16

Has a world wide distribution but mainly found in Tropical areas, 3rd world countries (poor sanitation).

Question 17

Diagnosis of I belli?

Answer 17

Ovoid oocysts in the stool.

Question 18

How many sporocysts does the oocyst contain? Sporozoites?

Answer 18

each oocyst contains 2 sporocysts, each sporocyst contains 4 sporozoites.

Question 19

Where does sporulation take place for I. belli.

Answer 19

Outside the host.

Question 20

Compare I. belli and cryptosporidium oocysts.

Answer 20

Cryptosporidium are tiny and spherical while I. belli are large and oval shaped.

Question 21

What is the parasite related to raspberries?

Answer 21

Cyclospora cayetanensis

Question 22

compare the sizes of the of the oocysts of the coccidian parasites.

Answer 22

Cryptosporidium are the smallest (4 mics), cyclospora are medium (mics), isopora are the largest (30X15 mics)

Question 23

What are two parasites commonly found in our area? How are the transmitted?

Answer 23

Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis. Fecal oral route.

Question 24

How much diarrhea can a person infected with C. parvum pass each day?

Answer 24

around 3 liters.

Question 25

How do you purify a water source?

Answer 25

Because coccidians are resisntant to chemicals a filter is the best way.