test 3 exam review

Question 1

what is climate?

Answer 1

the long-term average of the weather in a specific place

Question 2

what is solar radiation?

Answer 2

the method by which the sun heats the surface of the earth and the air.

Question 3

how does the ocean effect global patterns of wind?

Answer 3

it warms up air and moves it in a diagonal direction up the surface of the earth.

Question 4

what is a hadley cell?

Answer 4

a block of wind current that is between 0 and 30/-30 that moves air into the equator and tropics.

Question 5

what is the mid-latitude cell?

Answer 5

a block of wind current from 30-60/-30–60 degrees that moves wind accross and up to the poles

Question 6

what is a polar cell?

Answer 6

a cell from 60+ that pushes air away from the poles

Question 7

what is the rain shadow effect?

Answer 7

where the air cools down on the way over a mountain and causes rain then the clouds have no water over the arid side of the mountain.

Question 8

what are the defining features of a tropical rainforest?

Answer 8

consistant rain, location in the tropics, yearly high temps.

Question 9

what are the defining features of a desert?

Answer 9

little to no rain, and swingy temperatures

Question 10

deciduous forests are defined by what?

Answer 10

a consistant cycle of weather and temperature as well as trees that shed and re grow yearly.

Question 11

what are the defining features of a tundra?

Answer 11

little to no rain, cold temperatures, freezed over

Question 12

what organism fixes O2?

Answer 12

plants

Question 13

what organism fixes nitrogen?

Answer 13

nitrogen fixing bacteria

Question 14

what organsims fix Phospherous?

Answer 14

plants and water

Question 15

are what trophic levels are plants?

Answer 15

primary producers

Question 16

what si the trophic level of a grasshopper?

Answer 16

primary consumer

Question 17

a change in allele frequency can be due to what?

Answer 17

genetic drift, gene flow, bottleneck.

Question 18

the evolution of a population is the result of what?

Answer 18

a change in genes over time.

Question 19

how does natural selection Violate hardy-weinberg equilibrium?

Answer 19

the rule of no reproductive difference in success

Question 20

what does Gene Flow violate in the hardy-weinberg equilibrium?

Answer 20

the no migration clause of organisms.

Question 21

what does mutation violate in the hardy-weinberg equilibrium?

Answer 21

the no mutation clause

Question 22

what does genetic drift violate in the hardy-weinberg equlibrium?

Answer 22

the random mating and large enough population size clauses

Question 23

what are the clauses of hardy-weinberg equilibrium?

Answer 23

no muation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size and no selection.

Question 24

what is micro evolution?

Answer 24

the changing of one trait to be slightly different than before.

Question 25

what are some of the markers of micro-evolution?

Answer 25

happening over a few generations, a similar visual identity of the organism, only a slight change in environmental identity

Question 26

what is mAcro-evolution?

Answer 26

a large change of many traits in a population, typically leading to speciation

Question 27

what are some markers of macro-evolution?

Answer 27

over a long time, changes many traits, a culmination of multiple micro-evolutions, change in speciation

Question 28

what is biological speciation?

Answer 28

where a group of organsims cannot interbreed with others of similar groups

Question 29

what is morphospeciation?

Answer 29

where two groups of organisms are morphologically unique from one another

Question 30

what is ecological speciation?

Answer 30

where a group of organisms settle in to a unique niche in their environments relative to their relatives

Question 31

what is phylogical speciation?

Answer 31

the speciation based on the most recent common ancestor

Question 32

what is general speciation?

Answer 32

when a species becomes biologically seperate from one another, a.k.a. Biological speciation.

Question 33

what is gametic isolation?

Answer 33

where the sperm and the egg of two orgnisms cannot fertilize

Question 34

what mechanism of evolution cannot lead to speciation?

Answer 34

gene flow

Question 35

monophyletic group?

Answer 35

a common ancestor and all their decendants

Question 36

a paraphyletic group?

Answer 36

a common ancestor but not ALL their decendants

Question 37

polyphyletic groups?

Answer 37

do not share a common ancestor

Question 38

what is a synapomorphy?

Answer 38

a trait that is shared by the organsims common ancestors

Question 39

what are homologous traits?

Answer 39

traits that evolved in the same ancestor and are similar to one another

Question 40

analagous traits?

Answer 40

traits that evolved in seperate organims but have the same function

Question 41

divergent evolution?

Answer 41

evolution that pushes the organsms in a population to the two extreme phenotypes

Question 42

convergent evolutinon?

Answer 42

evolution that pushes the traits of organsims to a middleground.