Test 3 Endocrine System And Hormones Flashcards by Rachel P

Made up of glands that release hormones directly into the blood stream.. which then send messages through out the entire body

How long can these hormones last?

Endocrine system

Several hours or days (lasting slower and longer than those of nerve impulse)

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Function of the endocrine system include what?

Regulation of growth

Development

Maturation

Regulation of chemicals and metabolism

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Adeno-
Endo- 
Pexy- 
Stasis- 
Genic- 
Poesis-

gland
within
fixation
standing still
origin, production
to make or production

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Stimulates production of protein and growth in body cells

Growth hormone GH

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Stimulates The thyroid to produce hormones that regulate metabolism

Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH

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Hormones to regulate water balance, electrolyte balance, glucose and blood pressure

ACTH- adrenocorticotropic hormone

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Once released into the blood- Only what? made for the specific hormone can be affected by the hormone

The hormone is carried by a What? From the gland that produces it to the receptor cell.

Receptor cells

Protein

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This is the “brain of the brain”

Part of the brain that Receives information from the brain stem and Stimulates the pituitary gland to release its hormones

Control center - in charge

Located above pituitary gland

Hypothalamus

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This part of the brain regulates water balance and stress, hunger, reproduction, thermoregulation , sleep wake , optic chiasm,

Hypothalamus

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This is the master gland that produces 9 of the body’s hormones.

It is a small pea shaped gland that is hanging from the underside of the brain.

It works closely with the hypothalamus which helps regulate secretions

Pituitary gland

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Produced by the anterior (front ) part of the pituitary gland

It stimulates the production of proteins and growth in body cells

Growth hormone

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This occurs when the body produces too much growth hormone .

Occurs when -The pituitary may contain a benign tumor that causes too much GH to be released

S/S include enlarged hands feet
Large and broader facial features
Deepened busy voice due to enlarged vocal cords

Acromegaly

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This is a GH deficiency usually with unknown cause at birth.

Can develop after birth due to a brain injury, tumor or medical condition

S/S include slow or flat growth rate , may not appear until 2 or 3 years of age

Dwarfism

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Hormone Produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex (outer layer) to produce hormones that regulate water balance, electrolyte balance , glucose levels , and blood pressure

ACTH -Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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This hormone is produced by the front part of the pituitary gland, it stimulates the thyroid gland to produce it’s hormones which regulates the body’s metabolism

Thyroid - stimulating hormone

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Also produced by front pituitary gland

It stimulates the production in maturation open excel in the ovaries

These hormones also let us know how close we are to metapause

Follicle-stimulating hormone

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This is known as the love hormone which helps us connect to others.

It is stored in the posterior pituitary gland

It stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and helps to release milk from the milk ducks of nursing mothers

Oxytocin

This hormone helps reabsorb water in the kidneys

It is the opposite of a diuretic and it brings in the water or fluid

anti- diuretic hormone

This gland is about the size of a pea

It is located in the center of the brain

It produces what? which is stimulated by darkness and suppressed by light

It also helps regulate sleep cycles on a 24 hour basis

Timing and release a female very productive hormone is controlled by what?

Pineal gland

Melatonin

This is a bow tie shaped gland located in the neck just below the voice box (larynx) and around the upper part of the windpipe (trachea)

Thyroid gland

This is the hormone which affects nearly all the cells of he body by regulating their metabolic rates or the ability of cells to convert food to energy through cellular respiration

Thyroxine

Occurs when the thyroid gland fails to produce enough thyroxine hormone.

Goiter - swelling of the thyroid in the neck

This is why we add iodine to table salt

Hypothyroidism

This occurs when the third gland produces too much of the thyroid hormones

This can cause cretinism where the base of the skull is shortened in the face is light in short, the Mandible is under developed in the maxilla is over developed

Hyperthyroidism

Located on the top of the thyroid gland

Secretes parathyroid hormone

Four small glands

Control calcium in bone growth, muscle tone , nervous system activity

Parathyroid gland

This is a fish shaped gland located behind the stomach It is considered to be a endocrine gland when it produces hormones and is also part of the digestive system when it produces digestive enzymes Responsible for producing insulin

Pancreas’s

When is insulin released? What does it help in the body?

When the blood sugar (glucose) is high Helps cells move glucose into the cells and helps the liver and muscle convert glucose to glycogen Also helps convert excess glucose to fat, which is then stored

This is released when the blood sugar is too low? It helps to break down the glycogen in the liver and the muscles into glucose which then raises the blood glucose levels

Glucagon

This is a lifelong disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar’s Without insulin what happens?

Type 1 diabetes Glucose increases in bloodstream and increases hunger

This is a lifelong disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood in occurs when the body does not respond correctly to insulin. Glucose cannot enter the body cells to be used in energy production and is the most common form of diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

This type of diabetes occurs when the diabetes is first diagnosed during pregnancy, blood sugar is usually return to normal after delivery, they are at an increased risk of developing type two later in life

gestational diabetes

These glands are two triangular shaped glands that sit on top of each kidney

Adrenal glands

This is known as the stress hormone and is released during times of continuous stress. It is released from the adrenal cortex which is the outer layer of the adrenal gland It helps to control the rate of metabolism of carbohydrates fats and proteins In negative aspect is that it suppresses the action of white blood cells which makes a person more susceptible to illness

Cortisol

This is released from the adrenal medulla or the middle section It makes up 80% of the secretions from adrenal medulla It helps to regulate the stress (sympathetic )response for the fight or flight

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

This is released from the adrenal medulla or middle section Who makes up 20% of the secretions from the adrenal medulla Along with adrenaline and helps to reverseThe stress (sympathetic) Response or the fight or flight.

No adrenaline (norepinephrine)

What is the sympathetic symptoms in the body?

Increased heart rate, breathing rate, blood flow to the muscles, blood pressure, depth of breathing, oxygen intake, release of extra glucose for more energy, sweaty hands and palms

What is the fight or flight response symptoms in the body?

Adrenaline released into the blood, heart rate and blood pressure increase, lower blood to brain increases, breathing rate increases, more sugar released into blood ability of blood clot increases, flow of blood to skin reduced and sweating increases, Flow of blood to digestive system reduced, digestion slows, more stomach acid produced, pupils wide open, muscle tense, More energy produced by cells, lump forms in throat as muscle contract

Releases the hormone thymogen Found under the sternum, the gland shrinks as you get older into adulthood Helps with the development of anti-bodies in the immune system

Thymus gland

Located on both sides of the uterus below the opening of the fallopian tubes Produces estrogen and progesteroneWhich affect the female characteristics and reproductive functions

Ovaries

Egg shaped organ that hang in a pouch of skin called the scrotum outside the male body. They produce testosterone which affects males characteristics in the production of sperm

Testes

S/S of Addison’s disease

Bronze pigmentation Changes in distribution of body hair Low blood sugar Hunchback, weight loss, G.I. disturbances, weakness, fatigue, dehydration, decrease blood pressure, Reno shut down, decrease sodium, increase potassium

Signs and symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome

Personality changes, moon phase, high blood sugar, CNS irritability, increase infections, gynecomastia , Then extremities, sodium and fluid retention (edema), Fat deposits on face and back of shoulders, G.I. distress due to the increase in acid, osteoporosis, thin skin, purple stray, bruises and petechiae, females-amenorrhea, hirsutism