Test 2 Surgical Patient Flashcards
The entire process of preparing for and undergoing a surgical procedure is referred to as what?
Perioperative
This is the phase or period in which the patient arrives in the surgical suite and is taking to an operating room and the surgery is performed and the patient was taken to the post anesthesia care unit
Intraoperative
This phase because the hours and days following the completion of the surgical procedure which is focus on recovering from the effects of the anesthesia and then the healing process takes place in the patient’s body
Post operative
Who are at higher risk for developing have not cleared infections?
Elderly and people who are immunocompromise, debilitated , Mel nourished, or severely ill
Prevent healthy people from infection?
hand hygiene
Healthy diet such as protein vitamin E calcium vitamin see in copper
Adequate fluid intake
Don’t smoke
Exercise and maintain normal body weight for age and height
Decrease stress
Get sleep
This is an indication that a foreign substance has broken through the body’s natural defenses
Inflammation and infection
Signs and symptoms and somebody with an in adequate immune system such as HIV/AIDS or other immuno deficiency?
Flu like symptoms , fever night sweats , diarrhea, malaise, rash, headache, myalgia, neuralgia,sore throat , GI distress, loss of appetite , photophobia, weight loss, lack of energy, skin rashes, flaky skin, yeast infections, inflammatory disease, herpes
Fever, dyspnea, cough, crackles
Regulatory mechanisms
Baroreceptor reflex
Volume receptors
Renin-angiotensin- aldosterone
Mechanism
Anti diuretic hormone
Fluid imbalances
Hypo and hypervolemia
Dehydration
Water intoxification
Hypotonic solution causes cells to what
Swell
Lines of defense in inflammation
1
2
3
Mechanical and chemical barriers
Inflammation response and phagocytosis
Immune responses
Natural killer cells
Body temp of what is optimal for bacteria growth . What temp? Skin ph?
99
Cooler
3-5
What are the body’s defenses of inflammation
Skin
Lungs / Cilia
Urinary tract - flushed away bacteria
Normal and expected response e to cell and tissue injury
Inflammation
Non specific body defense to invasion or injury
Inflammation
This is unable to provide complete protection because it is non specific and not long lasting
Inflammation
Type of inflammation that can be harmful or damaging to body
Chronic inflammation
Such as acne Asthma Lupus Glomeru Inflammation bowel disease Pelvic inflammation disease
Type of inflammatory response that occurs in the blood and vessels . Where repair has to occur
Localized
Almost seconds to minutes to hours response of your body to some sort of injury burns , asthma
Immediate inflammation
Beneficial
Appropriate level of response
Non specific
Causes of inflammation
Physical (burns trauma )
Chemical - allergic , bites
Micro organisms- bacteria
Inflammatory response
Redness - increased blood flow Swelling Pain Heat - blood flow increase Loss of function
What is purpose of inflammation
Neutralizes and dilutes toxins
Removes nectrotic materials
Healing environment
4 phases of inflammation
Vascular - blood vessels
Cellular - wbc
Formation of exudate - fluid
Healing - regeneration
What influences ability of pathogens to cause disease?
Number of organisms
Strength
Lability to survive host
Susceptibility of the host
Single cell
Bacteria
Incapable of replicating outside living cell
Most common affliction of humans
Virus
Pathogen survival includes
Good
Water
Oxygen
Temp
Ph
Light
What is he most common reservoir
The human body
For the pathogen to cause infection it must what?
How can this happen?
Exit the reservoir
Skin pus
Respiratory tract - cough sneeze
Reproductive tract - std
Four categories of transmission
Contact- touch (staph)
Air (chick pox, measles )
Vehicle-water , food ( salmonella )
Vector - mosquito ticks -Lyme disease
What is the major mode of transmission in health care setting ?
Indirect
Unwashed hands
How pathogens enter body ?
Enter the same way the exit
Factors that increase susceptibility to infection
Age Stress Diet Medical therapies Disease
Infection with fever and increased or decreased wbc
Presence of bands
Hypotension requiring vasopressors
Altered organ function of two or more systems
Sepsis
Sirs
Septic shock
Mods
Passive acquired immunity
Present at birth such as skin
What is active acquired immunity
Immunity developed after birth such as exposure to micro organisms, immunizations
Can be active or passive
Passive- pregnancy
Generalized response
Specific response
Inflammation
Immunity
