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PN2 > Test 2 Surgical Patient > Flashcards

Test 2 Surgical Patient Flashcards

1
Q

The entire process of preparing for and undergoing a surgical procedure is referred to as what?

A

Perioperative

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2
Q

This is the phase or period in which the patient arrives in the surgical suite and is taking to an operating room and the surgery is performed and the patient was taken to the post anesthesia care unit

A

Intraoperative

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3
Q

This phase because the hours and days following the completion of the surgical procedure which is focus on recovering from the effects of the anesthesia and then the healing process takes place in the patient’s body

A

Post operative

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4
Q

Who are at higher risk for developing have not cleared infections?

A

Elderly and people who are immunocompromise, debilitated , Mel nourished, or severely ill

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5
Q

Prevent healthy people from infection?

A

hand hygiene

Healthy diet such as protein vitamin E calcium vitamin see in copper

Adequate fluid intake

Don’t smoke

Exercise and maintain normal body weight for age and height

Decrease stress

Get sleep

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6
Q

This is an indication that a foreign substance has broken through the body’s natural defenses

A

Inflammation and infection

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7
Q

Signs and symptoms and somebody with an in adequate immune system such as HIV/AIDS or other immuno deficiency?

A

Flu like symptoms , fever night sweats , diarrhea, malaise, rash, headache, myalgia, neuralgia,sore throat , GI distress, loss of appetite , photophobia, weight loss, lack of energy, skin rashes, flaky skin, yeast infections, inflammatory disease, herpes

Fever, dyspnea, cough, crackles

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8
Q

Regulatory mechanisms

A

Baroreceptor reflex

Volume receptors

Renin-angiotensin- aldosterone
Mechanism

Anti diuretic hormone

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9
Q

Fluid imbalances

A

Hypo and hypervolemia

Dehydration

Water intoxification

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10
Q

Hypotonic solution causes cells to what

A

Swell

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11
Q

Lines of defense in inflammation

1
2
3

A

Mechanical and chemical barriers

Inflammation response and phagocytosis

Immune responses
Natural killer cells

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12
Q

Body temp of what is optimal for bacteria growth . What temp? Skin ph?

A

99

Cooler

3-5

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13
Q

What are the body’s defenses of inflammation

A

Skin

Lungs / Cilia

Urinary tract - flushed away bacteria

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14
Q

Normal and expected response e to cell and tissue injury

A

Inflammation

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15
Q

Non specific body defense to invasion or injury

A

Inflammation

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16
Q

This is unable to provide complete protection because it is non specific and not long lasting

A

Inflammation

17
Q

Type of inflammation that can be harmful or damaging to body

A

Chronic inflammation

Such as acne 
Asthma 
Lupus 
Glomeru 
Inflammation bowel disease 
Pelvic inflammation disease
18
Q

Type of inflammatory response that occurs in the blood and vessels . Where repair has to occur

A

Localized

19
Q

Almost seconds to minutes to hours response of your body to some sort of injury burns , asthma

A

Immediate inflammation

Beneficial

Appropriate level of response

Non specific

20
Q

Causes of inflammation

A

Physical (burns trauma )

Chemical - allergic , bites

Micro organisms- bacteria

21
Q

Inflammatory response

A 
Redness - increased blood flow 
Swelling
Pain 
Heat - blood flow increase 
Loss of function
22
Q

What is purpose of inflammation

A

Neutralizes and dilutes toxins

Removes nectrotic materials

Healing environment

23
Q

4 phases of inflammation

A

Vascular - blood vessels

Cellular - wbc

Formation of exudate - fluid

Healing - regeneration

24
Q

What influences ability of pathogens to cause disease?

A

Number of organisms

Strength

Lability to survive host

Susceptibility of the host

25
Q

Single cell

A

Bacteria

26
Q

Incapable of replicating outside living cell

Most common affliction of humans

A

Virus

27
Q

Pathogen survival includes

A

Good

Water

Oxygen

Temp

Ph

Light

28
Q

What is he most common reservoir

A

The human body

29
Q

For the pathogen to cause infection it must what?

How can this happen?

A

Exit the reservoir

Skin pus

Respiratory tract - cough sneeze

Reproductive tract - std

30
Q

Four categories of transmission

A

Contact- touch (staph)

Air (chick pox, measles )

Vehicle-water , food ( salmonella )

Vector - mosquito ticks -Lyme disease

31
Q

What is the major mode of transmission in health care setting ?

A

Indirect

Unwashed hands

32
Q

How pathogens enter body ?

A

Enter the same way the exit

33
Q

Factors that increase susceptibility to infection

A 
Age 
Stress
Diet 
Medical therapies 
Disease
34
Q

Infection with fever and increased or decreased wbc

Presence of bands

Hypotension requiring vasopressors

Altered organ function of two or more systems

A

Sepsis

Sirs

Septic shock

Mods

35
Q

Passive acquired immunity

A

Present at birth such as skin

36
Q

What is active acquired immunity

A

Immunity developed after birth such as exposure to micro organisms, immunizations

Can be active or passive

Passive- pregnancy

37
Q

Generalized response

Specific response

A

Inflammation

Immunity

PN2 (10 decks)

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