Test 3- Elimination And GI Flashcards
1
Q
The large intestine consists of what?
A
Cecum plus Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum and anus
2
Q
Where does the majority of bowel absorption take place ?
A
Small intestine
3
Q
Can you voluntarily contract and relax the anal sphincters?
A
Yes
4
Q
Is the GI tract sterile ?
A
No
5
Q
Where is the peritoneum?
A
Lining of the abdominal cavity
6
Q
Is the peritoneal area sterile ?
A
Yes
7
Q
When disease process of the urinary system is present , an imbalance of clients what can occur ?
A
Fluid and electrolyte balance
8
Q
Surgery that involves bowls is considered unclean because if bm contents and flora , bacteria , and if it spread spread to the peritoneum causes?
A
Peritonitis (inflammation)
9
Q
How would a pt Develop inflammation If they have abdominal surgery that does not involve the bowel like a C-section?
A
?
10
Q
Names for poop
A
Feces
Stool
Fecal matter
Bm
11
Q
Normal stool look like what?
A
Soft, firm, brown, formed
12
Q
Abnormal consistencies and colors of bowls
A
Diarrhea, constipated , hard, rock like , flakey , fulminant, frothy, liquid
White , yellow , green, red, black, clay, chalk colored
13
Q
6 problems with intestinal elimination?
A
Constipation Diarrhea Fecal impaction Fart Incontinence Helminths- worms
14
Q
What does there GI tract consist of?
A
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
15
Q
The functional unit of the kidney
A
Nephron
16
Q
Filters wastes, absorption, resorption, and reabsorption of fluids and electrolytes-
Initial production of urine
A
Glomeruli
17
Q
Tubular system in the glomeruli (ascending and descending ) that transport the urine , it starts as H20 and becomes more acidic as it moves down the loop
A
Loop of henle
18
Q
What is the difference between the male and female urethra?
A
Makes is Longer
Females is shorter
19
Q
Is a uti a emergency situation?
Why
A
Yes
Could result in kidney infection/sepsis
20
Q
Is the UTI tract sterile?
A
Yes
21
Q
Is urinary function usually decreased as a result of the loss of one kidney?
A
No
22
Q
What is inflammation of kidney due to bacterial infection?
A
Pyelonephritis
23
Q
Can upper urinarybtract infections be considered life threatening ?
A
Yes if sepsis
24
Q
How are utis treated?
A
Antibiotics
25
Common drug classifications used to treat UTIs ?
Floroquindone? Cephrasporin?
26
Normal appearance of urine ?
Clear and light yellow
27
What are abnormal finding often found in urine ?
Blood, sediment , mucus , or calculi (stones) , brown color, foul smell, sluggish or thick
28
What may dark colored urine indicate?
Red/bloody?
Dehydration
Infection/UTI
29
Who is at the highest risk for urinary retention ?
Why?
Elderly, kids, post surgical pts
Loss of feeling or forgetful, too busy playing, Catherized during surgery
30
7 problems with urinary elimination ?
```
Retention
Urgency
Frequency
Incontinence
Nocturia - night peeing
Polyuria
Enuresis - bed wetting
```
31
Factors that affect GI and GU elimination?
```
Sex
Age and developmental level
Dietary habits
Physical condition
Cultural, spiritual, and or religious factors
Socioeconomic factors
Environment factors
Psychological factors
```
32
First poop of baby should look like what?
What is it called and what does it protect ?
Meconium
Dark green sticky mucousy substance that protects bowel in utero
33
What should baby poop look like when breast feeding ?
Yellow and seedy
Colostorum
34
Baby poop when on formula ?
Brown, formed (poop less)
35
How should children’s bm look?
Potty trained and brown , formed and regular
36
What could be the cause of regression of potty training in kids?
Stressors, new babies in house
37
What is considered being regular for bms?
Regular for the person
38
If one is having urine retention and difficulties starting and stop peeing what could be the issue?
BPH- Benign prostate
39
Neurogenic bladder causes what?
Urinary retention
40
Caffeine is a what?
Cathartic or psychological relief
41
Can be dependent on laxatives
Incontinent
Brown and soft stool
Constipation
Peristalsis- slow down
Can be mentally obsessed with being regular
Adult elimination
42
What stages of life affect elimination?
Age, diet, lifestyle
43
What affect can activity have on intestinal elimination ?
Promotes peristalisis
Immobility can cause constipation
44
What affect does physical condition have in intestinal elimination?
If post op- immobility or unable to push may cause constipation
45
What affect does diet have on intestinal elimination ?
Fiber
| Water increase
46
Using what can lead to inability to poop on own?
Laxatives
Enemas
Suppositories
47
This med get rid of body excess fluid and increases urination
Diuretics
48
Make poop soft (NOT laxatives )
Stool softeners
49
What all affects bowel status ?
```
Fluids
Fiber
Activity
Diet
Stress
```
50
Stress increases poop
Regularity
51
This mental condition increases diarrhea or constipation
Stress
52
Abdominal and pelvic muscle tone controls what?
Continence
53
Catherazation can cause what issues ?
Sphincter muscle damage - leaking or retention
54
What is a rectal tube used for?
Symptoms?
Fecal elimination
Diarrhea
55
What should a nursing assessment of the GI system consist of?
```
How often do you have a BM?
What does it look like?
Do you use laxatives regularly?
Stool softeners?
When was your LBM ?
Do you pass gas?
Do you have stomach pain?
Does your stomach feel hard or distended?
Are there bowel sounds in all quadrants?
```
56
What does a nursing assessment of the GU system consist of ?
```
How often do you urinate ?
Do you pee at night?
Do you have pain with urination?
Do you dribble/leak? Incontinent?
What color is it ?
What does it smell like? Foul?
Do you see mucus ? Milky?
Do you see any red or blood streaks ?
```
57
What to do for someone who is constipated?
Fluids
Laxatives
Stool softeners
Activity
58
What to do for someone with diarrhea?
Clear liquids
Fiber
Medications
Stool sample
59
What to do for somebody with fecal impaction?
Disimpact
Enema
Suppository
60
What to do for someone with flatulence/gas?
Beano, fiber
61
What to do for somebody with incontinence?
Attends,Depends, bowel and bladder program, muscle strengthening, kegels
62
What to do for some one with helminths? Worms
Kill the worms!
63
What to do for somebody that has a problem with frequency and urgency with bowel and bladder?
B and B program , UTI labs , tests
64
What to do for one with nocturia?
B and B program
| Decrease fluids before bed
65
What to do for somebody with dysuria?
UTI/labs/tests
66
What do do for one with enuresis ?
Labs/ tests
67
What to do for urinary incontinence ?
B and B program / kegels
68
What to do for one with urinary retention?
Labs, tests, BPH
69
What to do for one with polyuria?
Asses fluids , diabetes, labs/tests/UTI
70
Stress incontinence ?
Erg inc.?
Mixed ?
Sneeze cough then pee
Gotta go now
Mixed with both
71
A UTI is caused by what?
Bacteria or fungus
72
What causes BPH?
Prostate , aging process
73
What causes incontinence?
Varies with types
74
What causes urinalysis retention?
BPH, sphincter valve issues, catatonia (mental issues) , spinal cord injuries
75
What causes urinary suppression?
Kidneys no longer make urine
76
This is when a full bladder does not stimulate the need to pee
Neurogenic bladder
77
What can cause incontinence ?
Drugs, sphincter control, diseases (tumors) , stress, abuse , sneezing
78
This is divines as 8 or more liquid stools in one day?
Diarrhea
79
What can cause diarrhea?
Medications, food, stress, diet, IBS, Chrons, CDIFF, parasites, worms
80
What can cause degradation of mucosal lining, diarrhea, blood, poor absorption, constipation ?
Diseases/Cancer and chemotherapy use
81
Urinary devices and locations ?
?
82
GI devices and locations?
?
83
When should you start teaching someone about GI devices?
And how to care for it?
Before surgery
When pt is ready
84
Types of enemas-
Cleansing enemas called?
Irrigation enemas does what?
Medicated enemas
Carminative enema does what?
Oil retention enema
Fleets
Colonic irrigation
Flatus expellation enema
85
How much urine is decreased per hour ?
30 ml
86
How frequent to monitor urine output ?
What else besides urine should we monitor?
Every 6-8-12-24 hours
BMs
Emesis
NG output
Liquid stool
Bed sheet soaked in perspiration
87
What type of intake to record?
```
Fluids
Foods with high water
IV and PO fluids
Tube feedings
Free water with tube feedings
```
88
Nursing process when caring for someone with s/s irregularity in elimination of the gi and gu system ?
```
Assessment
Nursing diagnosis
Planning
Implementing
Evaluating
```
89
Occurs as a result of cognitive neurological and behave real malfunctions
The clan was the first from dementia or may not have the cognitive ability to recognize and control the need to void
Treatments would include what?
Behavior modifications, bladder retraining programs and surgical intervention
90
Disease obstruction or Trumatic injury can interfere with normal elimination of fecal matter, When these conditions occur this is often required to reroute the floor feces, it may be temporary connection or permanent solution when complete removal Ballwall secretions as required
Fecal diversion
91
This is surgically created to divert the fecal stream of the intestinal track them down the long such as the last means, colostomies, or Ileoanal reservoirs
Surgical procedure in which part of the intestinal track is removed or bypassed
Ostomy
92
Surgical procedure where the terminal end of ileum is brought out through an abdominal incision and stoma Is created to eliminate flow of fecal matter
Sprout - Lower right side
Ileostomy
93
Surgical procedure that diverts the fecal contents of the large intestines by pulling a section of colon through an abdominal incision , stitching it to skin and creating a stoma
Can be temporary, flush , Lower left side
Colostomy
94
Other GI devices
G-tube - used when NPO
Flexible sigmoidoscopy - medical examination of large intestine from rectum through colon
Upper GI- exam through X-ray
Lower GI- X-ray
Rectal tubes - used for leakage
Bowel management systems -
95
Urinary devices-
Urostomy? Right side of stomach
Stents
Foley catheder
Coude catheder
Condom catheder
Urine pouches/ bags
Straight catheder
Suprapubic catheder
Stoma for urinary systems
Thin tube in ureter to treat obstruction of urine flow
Sterile tube inserted into bladder to drain
Curved tip catheter
Suprapubic- surgically created connection between skin and bladder
