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Test 3- Elimination And GI Flashcards

1
Q

The large intestine consists of what?

A 
Cecum plus
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon 
Sigmoid colon
Rectum and anus
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2
Q

Where does the majority of bowel absorption take place ?

A

Small intestine

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3
Q

Can you voluntarily contract and relax the anal sphincters?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Is the GI tract sterile ?

A

No

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5
Q

Where is the peritoneum?

A

Lining of the abdominal cavity

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6
Q

Is the peritoneal area sterile ?

A

Yes

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7
Q

When disease process of the urinary system is present , an imbalance of clients what can occur ?

A

Fluid and electrolyte balance

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8
Q

Surgery that involves bowls is considered unclean because if bm contents and flora , bacteria , and if it spread spread to the peritoneum causes?

A

Peritonitis (inflammation)

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9
Q

How would a pt Develop inflammation If they have abdominal surgery that does not involve the bowel like a C-section?

A

?

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10
Q

Names for poop

A

Feces
Stool
Fecal matter
Bm

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11
Q

Normal stool look like what?

A

Soft, firm, brown, formed

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12
Q

Abnormal consistencies and colors of bowls

A

Diarrhea, constipated , hard, rock like , flakey , fulminant, frothy, liquid

White , yellow , green, red, black, clay, chalk colored

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13
Q

6 problems with intestinal elimination?

A 
Constipation 
Diarrhea
Fecal impaction
Fart 
Incontinence 
Helminths- worms
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14
Q

What does there GI tract consist of?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

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15
Q

The functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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16
Q

Filters wastes, absorption, resorption, and reabsorption of fluids and electrolytes-

Initial production of urine

A

Glomeruli

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17
Q

Tubular system in the glomeruli (ascending and descending ) that transport the urine , it starts as H20 and becomes more acidic as it moves down the loop

A

Loop of henle

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18
Q

What is the difference between the male and female urethra?

A

Makes is Longer

Females is shorter

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19
Q

Is a uti a emergency situation?

Why

A

Yes

Could result in kidney infection/sepsis

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20
Q

Is the UTI tract sterile?

A

Yes

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21
Q

Is urinary function usually decreased as a result of the loss of one kidney?

A

No

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22
Q

What is inflammation of kidney due to bacterial infection?

A

Pyelonephritis

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23
Q

Can upper urinarybtract infections be considered life threatening ?

A

Yes if sepsis

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24
Q

How are utis treated?

A

Antibiotics

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25
Q

Common drug classifications used to treat UTIs ?

A

Floroquindone? Cephrasporin?

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26
Q

Normal appearance of urine ?

A

Clear and light yellow

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27
Q

What are abnormal finding often found in urine ?

A

Blood, sediment , mucus , or calculi (stones) , brown color, foul smell, sluggish or thick

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28
Q

What may dark colored urine indicate?

Red/bloody?

A

Dehydration

Infection/UTI

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29
Q

Who is at the highest risk for urinary retention ?

Why?

A

Elderly, kids, post surgical pts

Loss of feeling or forgetful, too busy playing, Catherized during surgery

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30
Q

7 problems with urinary elimination ?

A 
Retention 
Urgency 
Frequency 
Incontinence 
Nocturia - night peeing 
Polyuria 
Enuresis - bed wetting
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31
Q

Factors that affect GI and GU elimination?

A 
Sex
Age and developmental level 
Dietary habits 
Physical condition 
Cultural, spiritual, and or religious factors 
Socioeconomic factors 
Environment factors 
Psychological factors
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32
Q

First poop of baby should look like what?

What is it called and what does it protect ?

A

Meconium

Dark green sticky mucousy substance that protects bowel in utero

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33
Q

What should baby poop look like when breast feeding ?

A

Yellow and seedy

Colostorum

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34
Q

Baby poop when on formula ?

A

Brown, formed (poop less)

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35
Q

How should children’s bm look?

A

Potty trained and brown , formed and regular

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36
Q

What could be the cause of regression of potty training in kids?

A

Stressors, new babies in house

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37
Q

What is considered being regular for bms?

A

Regular for the person

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38
Q

If one is having urine retention and difficulties starting and stop peeing what could be the issue?

A

BPH- Benign prostate

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39
Q

Neurogenic bladder causes what?

A

Urinary retention

40
Q

Caffeine is a what?

A

Cathartic or psychological relief

41
Q

Can be dependent on laxatives

Incontinent

Brown and soft stool

Constipation

Peristalsis- slow down

Can be mentally obsessed with being regular

A

Adult elimination

42
Q

What stages of life affect elimination?

A

Age, diet, lifestyle

43
Q

What affect can activity have on intestinal elimination ?

A

Promotes peristalisis

Immobility can cause constipation

44
Q

What affect does physical condition have in intestinal elimination?

A

If post op- immobility or unable to push may cause constipation

45
Q

What affect does diet have on intestinal elimination ?

A

Fiber

Water increase

46
Q

Using what can lead to inability to poop on own?

A

Laxatives
Enemas
Suppositories

47
Q

This med get rid of body excess fluid and increases urination

48
Q

Make poop soft (NOT laxatives )

A

Stool softeners

49
Q

What all affects bowel status ?

A 
Fluids 
Fiber
Activity 
Diet 
Stress
50
Q

Stress increases poop

A

Regularity

51
Q

This mental condition increases diarrhea or constipation

52
Q

Abdominal and pelvic muscle tone controls what?

A

Continence

53
Q

Catherazation can cause what issues ?

A

Sphincter muscle damage - leaking or retention

54
Q

What is a rectal tube used for?

Symptoms?

A

Fecal elimination

Diarrhea

55
Q

What should a nursing assessment of the GI system consist of?

A 
How often do you have a BM?
What does it look like?
Do you use laxatives regularly?
Stool softeners?
When was your LBM ? 
Do you pass gas?
Do you have stomach pain?
Does your stomach feel hard or distended?
Are there bowel sounds in all quadrants?
56
Q

What does a nursing assessment of the GU system consist of ?

A 
How often do you urinate ?
Do you pee at night?
Do you have pain with urination?
Do you dribble/leak? Incontinent?
What color is it ? 
What does it smell like? Foul?
Do you see mucus ? Milky?
Do you see any red or blood streaks ?
57
Q

What to do for someone who is constipated?

A

Fluids
Laxatives
Stool softeners
Activity

58
Q

What to do for someone with diarrhea?

A

Clear liquids
Fiber
Medications
Stool sample

59
Q

What to do for somebody with fecal impaction?

A

Disimpact
Enema
Suppository

60
Q

What to do for someone with flatulence/gas?

A

Beano, fiber

61
Q

What to do for somebody with incontinence?

A

Attends,Depends, bowel and bladder program, muscle strengthening, kegels

62
Q

What to do for some one with helminths? Worms

A

Kill the worms!

63
Q

What to do for somebody that has a problem with frequency and urgency with bowel and bladder?

A

B and B program , UTI labs , tests

64
Q

What to do for one with nocturia?

A

B and B program

Decrease fluids before bed

65
Q

What to do for somebody with dysuria?

A

UTI/labs/tests

66
Q

What do do for one with enuresis ?

A

Labs/ tests

67
Q

What to do for urinary incontinence ?

A

B and B program / kegels

68
Q

What to do for one with urinary retention?

A

Labs, tests, BPH

69
Q

What to do for one with polyuria?

A

Asses fluids , diabetes, labs/tests/UTI

70
Q

Stress incontinence ?

Erg inc.?

Mixed ?

A

Sneeze cough then pee

Gotta go now

Mixed with both

71
Q

A UTI is caused by what?

A

Bacteria or fungus

72
Q

What causes BPH?

A

Prostate , aging process

73
Q

What causes incontinence?

A

Varies with types

74
Q

What causes urinalysis retention?

A

BPH, sphincter valve issues, catatonia (mental issues) , spinal cord injuries

75
Q

What causes urinary suppression?

A

Kidneys no longer make urine

76
Q

This is when a full bladder does not stimulate the need to pee

A

Neurogenic bladder

77
Q

What can cause incontinence ?

A

Drugs, sphincter control, diseases (tumors) , stress, abuse , sneezing

78
Q

This is divines as 8 or more liquid stools in one day?

79
Q

What can cause diarrhea?

A

Medications, food, stress, diet, IBS, Chrons, CDIFF, parasites, worms

80
Q

What can cause degradation of mucosal lining, diarrhea, blood, poor absorption, constipation ?

A

Diseases/Cancer and chemotherapy use

81
Q

Urinary devices and locations ?

82
Q

GI devices and locations?

83
Q

When should you start teaching someone about GI devices?

And how to care for it?

A

Before surgery

When pt is ready

84
Q

Types of enemas-

Cleansing enemas called?

Irrigation enemas does what?

Medicated enemas

Carminative enema does what?

Oil retention enema

A

Fleets

Colonic irrigation

Flatus expellation enema

85
Q

How much urine is decreased per hour ?

86
Q

How frequent to monitor urine output ?

What else besides urine should we monitor?

A

Every 6-8-12-24 hours

BMs

Emesis

NG output

Liquid stool

Bed sheet soaked in perspiration

87
Q

What type of intake to record?

A 
Fluids
Foods with high water
IV and PO fluids 
Tube feedings 
Free water with tube feedings
88
Q

Nursing process when caring for someone with s/s irregularity in elimination of the gi and gu system ?

A 
Assessment
Nursing diagnosis 
Planning
Implementing 
Evaluating
89
Q

Occurs as a result of cognitive neurological and behave real malfunctions

The clan was the first from dementia or may not have the cognitive ability to recognize and control the need to void

Treatments would include what?

A

Behavior modifications, bladder retraining programs and surgical intervention

90
Q

Disease obstruction or Trumatic injury can interfere with normal elimination of fecal matter, When these conditions occur this is often required to reroute the floor feces, it may be temporary connection or permanent solution when complete removal Ballwall secretions as required

A

Fecal diversion

91
Q

This is surgically created to divert the fecal stream of the intestinal track them down the long such as the last means, colostomies, or Ileoanal reservoirs

Surgical procedure in which part of the intestinal track is removed or bypassed

92
Q

Surgical procedure where the terminal end of ileum is brought out through an abdominal incision and stoma Is created to eliminate flow of fecal matter

Sprout - Lower right side

93
Q

Surgical procedure that diverts the fecal contents of the large intestines by pulling a section of colon through an abdominal incision , stitching it to skin and creating a stoma

Can be temporary, flush , Lower left side

94
Q

Other GI devices

A

G-tube - used when NPO

Flexible sigmoidoscopy - medical examination of large intestine from rectum through colon

Upper GI- exam through X-ray
Lower GI- X-ray
Rectal tubes - used for leakage
Bowel management systems -

95
Q

Urinary devices-

Urostomy? Right side of stomach

Stents

Foley catheder

Coude catheder

Condom catheder

Urine pouches/ bags

Straight catheder

Suprapubic catheder

A

Stoma for urinary systems

Thin tube in ureter to treat obstruction of urine flow

Sterile tube inserted into bladder to drain

Curved tip catheter

Suprapubic- surgically created connection between skin and bladder

PN2 (10 decks)

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