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Radiation Biology > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

high gowth fraction tissue tumors will have a ______ (shorter/longer) doubleing time

A

shorter

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2
Q

what is the stromal compartment of the cell include

A

normal blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, onnective tissues, and nerve tissue

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3
Q

gradient of oxygen tissue is greatest (near/away) from the vessel

A

near

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4
Q

any dose no matter how small that carrier the probability of producing radiation effects (Stochastic/nonstochastic)

A

stochastic

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5
Q

a dose at which below the dose no damage is seen (Stochastic/nonstochastic)

A

nonstochastic

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6
Q

as the dose increases the probability increases but not ht esverity of the effect (Stochastic/nonstochastic)

A

Stochastic

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7
Q

What is the lifespan of granulocytes?

A

24 hours

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8
Q

Delayed radiation effects in the liver

are a consequence of vascular sclerosis ad consist primarily of fibrosis

A

radiation hepatitis,

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9
Q

What kind of body cells have a 120 day lifespan?

A

Erythrocytes

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10
Q

The dose of radiation that produces a given biologic response in the absence of oxygen divided by the dose of radiation that produces the same biologic response in the presence of oxygen

A

OER - oxygen enhancement ratio

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11
Q

Period of time after an acute exposure of radiation when the side effects are seen?

A

Manifest

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12
Q

In the expression LD50/30 what does the 50 represent?

A

50 percent of the population

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13
Q

Period of major organogenesis normally occurs during the _____ of fetal development

A

6th week

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14
Q

Chronic effects may occurs as a result of

A
  1. As a consequence of irreversible or subsequently progressive early charges
  2. due to depletion of critical nonparenchymal cells
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15
Q

Acute effects occur ______ after treatment in both acute responding and late responding tissue

A

shortly

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16
Q

primary chronic effects can appear a ______ time (long/short) after acute response subsides

A

long

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17
Q

acute effects regardless of time of expression of injury are caused by……

A

depletion of parenchymal cells specific to the tissue

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18
Q

principle symptoms associated with the manifest illness stage of the GI syndrome include:

A

Malaise, anorexia, severe diarrhea, fever, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance

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19
Q

women that is not pregnant (nongravid) exposed to 450 mSv – what would side effect be?

A

Increased genetic risk

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20
Q

generally radiation is much better tolerated by tissue than with a single dose why is that?

A

tissue repair occurs between subsequent exposures

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21
Q

the principle genetic cells of the body are?

A

ovum and sperm

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22
Q

Symptoms of fever and malaise (overall not feeling well) associated with the reduction of leukocytes is one of the major characteristics of?

A

hemopoietic syndrome

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23
Q

Acute changes are characterized in an organ by (3)

  1. Edema
  2. Inflammation
  3. Hemorrhage
  4. Stricture
  5. Fibrosis
  6. Ulceration
A
  1. Edema
  2. Inflammation
  3. Hemorrhage
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24
Q

Total equilvalent dose for the embryo-fetus is?

A

5 mSv

0.5 rem

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25
Q

Dose equivalent exposure nonstochastic effect for the lens of the eye?

A

150 mSv

15 rem

26
Q

Max permissible dose for occupationally exposure workers is?

A

50 mSv

5 rem

27
Q

T/F: NVD syndrome represent the prodromal stage.

A

True

28
Q

T/F: 500 -800 cGy per minute is considered a high dose rate

A

True

29
Q

Which group of cells are the most radiorisestant?

A

Group 3

30
Q

T/F: Intrinsic radiation sensitivity of cells can vary widely

A

True

31
Q

Which cells pose the biggest problem in clinical radiation therapy?

A

Cells that are not proliferating or hypoxic but viable because they are radioresistant

32
Q

Rate of tumor growth is a balance of what factor(s) below

  1. The cell cycle time of the proliferating cells
  2. The growth faction (fraction of the total tumor cell population that is dividing)
  3. The degree of cell loss from the tumor
A

1, 2, & 3

33
Q

the result of failure to repair damage by any mean and represents the ultimate secondary chronic effect

A

necrosis

34
Q

Drugs that have the ability to Increase the effect of radiation when used in conjunction with treatment are

A

radiosensitizers

35
Q

A film monitoring badge can be used for the measurement of what sources?
Xray
Beta
Gamma

A

all of the above

36
Q

1 Sv = ____ rem

A

100

37
Q

Generally public exposure limit in mSv
Continuous:
Infrequent:

A

Continuous: 0.1 rem/1 mSv
Infrequent: 0.5 rem/5 mSv

38
Q

Annual occupation exposure limit in rem

A

5 rem/50mSv

39
Q

Embryo fetus how many rems

A

0.5 rem/5 mSv

40
Q

Occupational exposure to extremities (sev)

A

50 rem/500mSv

41
Q

Occupation exposure to the lens of the eye

A

15 rem/150mSv

42
Q

1 Rad = ____ ergs per gram

A

100

43
Q

How many gray in 100 rads?

A

1

44
Q

How many rems in 1 severt?

A

100

45
Q

What is a rem?

A

Dose in rads times quality factor

46
Q

What is a rentgoen?

A

dose measured in air

47
Q

T/F: Repair of an organ treated with radiation always restores the organ to its original function

A

False

48
Q

T/F: Chronic effects can occur years after radiation is complete

A

True

49
Q

T/F: Radiation sensitizers shift the cell survival curve to the left

A

True

50
Q

T/F: A drug etholmetaphastin called is a radiation protector

A

True

51
Q

T/F: Recommend dose for the lens of the eye is 150 mSv or 15 rem (nonstochastic)

A

True

52
Q

T/F: Recommended occupational dose is 5 rem per year after age 18

A

True

53
Q

T/F: The recommended dose for the embryo fetus is 5 rem

A

False

54
Q

T/F: Patients either improve or die in the prodromal stage of TBS

A

False

55
Q

T/F: In the total body syndrome BMT (bone marrow transplant) has proven to increase survival

A

True

56
Q

T/F: GI syndrome is due to destruction of GI tract and bone marrow

A

True

57
Q

T/F: Higher LET radiation shifts the cell survival curve to the right.

A

False

58
Q

T/F: The GSD (genetically significant dose) is the dose of radiation required per generation to double the spontaneous mutation rate.

A

False

59
Q

T/F: Manifest illness stage of the Total Body syndrome reflects all symptoms, not just the symptom damaged

A

False

60
Q

Patient receives a dose equivalent to 4 rad from a simulation for an abdomen set up, this patient works in radiography, their dose equivalent is……? Convert

A

.04 Gy

61
Q

T/F: Carcinogenesis is the single most important event in the late effects of radiation therapy.

A

True

62
Q

State the absorbed dose of a patient who has received 600 rads of radiation.
Rad to internally version

A

6 Gy

Radiation Biology (6 decks)

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