Test 3 Flashcards
high gowth fraction tissue tumors will have a ______ (shorter/longer) doubleing time
shorter
what is the stromal compartment of the cell include
normal blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, onnective tissues, and nerve tissue
gradient of oxygen tissue is greatest (near/away) from the vessel
near
any dose no matter how small that carrier the probability of producing radiation effects (Stochastic/nonstochastic)
stochastic
a dose at which below the dose no damage is seen (Stochastic/nonstochastic)
nonstochastic
as the dose increases the probability increases but not ht esverity of the effect (Stochastic/nonstochastic)
Stochastic
What is the lifespan of granulocytes?
24 hours
Delayed radiation effects in the liver
are a consequence of vascular sclerosis ad consist primarily of fibrosis
radiation hepatitis,
What kind of body cells have a 120 day lifespan?
Erythrocytes
The dose of radiation that produces a given biologic response in the absence of oxygen divided by the dose of radiation that produces the same biologic response in the presence of oxygen
OER - oxygen enhancement ratio
Period of time after an acute exposure of radiation when the side effects are seen?
Manifest
In the expression LD50/30 what does the 50 represent?
50 percent of the population
Period of major organogenesis normally occurs during the _____ of fetal development
6th week
Chronic effects may occurs as a result of
- As a consequence of irreversible or subsequently progressive early charges
- due to depletion of critical nonparenchymal cells
Acute effects occur ______ after treatment in both acute responding and late responding tissue
shortly
primary chronic effects can appear a ______ time (long/short) after acute response subsides
long
acute effects regardless of time of expression of injury are caused by……
depletion of parenchymal cells specific to the tissue
principle symptoms associated with the manifest illness stage of the GI syndrome include:
Malaise, anorexia, severe diarrhea, fever, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance
women that is not pregnant (nongravid) exposed to 450 mSv – what would side effect be?
Increased genetic risk
generally radiation is much better tolerated by tissue than with a single dose why is that?
tissue repair occurs between subsequent exposures
the principle genetic cells of the body are?
ovum and sperm
Symptoms of fever and malaise (overall not feeling well) associated with the reduction of leukocytes is one of the major characteristics of?
hemopoietic syndrome
Acute changes are characterized in an organ by (3)
- Edema
- Inflammation
- Hemorrhage
- Stricture
- Fibrosis
- Ulceration
- Edema
- Inflammation
- Hemorrhage
Total equilvalent dose for the embryo-fetus is?
5 mSv
0.5 rem
Dose equivalent exposure nonstochastic effect for the lens of the eye?
150 mSv
15 rem
Max permissible dose for occupationally exposure workers is?
50 mSv
5 rem
T/F: NVD syndrome represent the prodromal stage.
True
T/F: 500 -800 cGy per minute is considered a high dose rate
True
Which group of cells are the most radiorisestant?
Group 3
T/F: Intrinsic radiation sensitivity of cells can vary widely
True
Which cells pose the biggest problem in clinical radiation therapy?
Cells that are not proliferating or hypoxic but viable because they are radioresistant
Rate of tumor growth is a balance of what factor(s) below
- The cell cycle time of the proliferating cells
- The growth faction (fraction of the total tumor cell population that is dividing)
- The degree of cell loss from the tumor
1, 2, & 3
the result of failure to repair damage by any mean and represents the ultimate secondary chronic effect
necrosis
Drugs that have the ability to Increase the effect of radiation when used in conjunction with treatment are
radiosensitizers
A film monitoring badge can be used for the measurement of what sources?
Xray
Beta
Gamma
all of the above
1 Sv = ____ rem
100
Generally public exposure limit in mSv
Continuous:
Infrequent:
Continuous: 0.1 rem/1 mSv
Infrequent: 0.5 rem/5 mSv
Annual occupation exposure limit in rem
5 rem/50mSv
Embryo fetus how many rems
0.5 rem/5 mSv
Occupational exposure to extremities (sev)
50 rem/500mSv
Occupation exposure to the lens of the eye
15 rem/150mSv
1 Rad = ____ ergs per gram
100
How many gray in 100 rads?
1
How many rems in 1 severt?
100
What is a rem?
Dose in rads times quality factor
What is a rentgoen?
dose measured in air
T/F: Repair of an organ treated with radiation always restores the organ to its original function
False
T/F: Chronic effects can occur years after radiation is complete
True
T/F: Radiation sensitizers shift the cell survival curve to the left
True
T/F: A drug etholmetaphastin called is a radiation protector
True
T/F: Recommend dose for the lens of the eye is 150 mSv or 15 rem (nonstochastic)
True
T/F: Recommended occupational dose is 5 rem per year after age 18
True
T/F: The recommended dose for the embryo fetus is 5 rem
False
T/F: Patients either improve or die in the prodromal stage of TBS
False
T/F: In the total body syndrome BMT (bone marrow transplant) has proven to increase survival
True
T/F: GI syndrome is due to destruction of GI tract and bone marrow
True
T/F: Higher LET radiation shifts the cell survival curve to the right.
False
T/F: The GSD (genetically significant dose) is the dose of radiation required per generation to double the spontaneous mutation rate.
False
T/F: Manifest illness stage of the Total Body syndrome reflects all symptoms, not just the symptom damaged
False
Patient receives a dose equivalent to 4 rad from a simulation for an abdomen set up, this patient works in radiography, their dose equivalent is……? Convert
.04 Gy
T/F: Carcinogenesis is the single most important event in the late effects of radiation therapy.
True
State the absorbed dose of a patient who has received 600 rads of radiation.
Rad to internally version
6 Gy
