Homework 1 Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

a selectively permeable structure either prohibiting or permitting the passage of substances into & out of the cell. In addition to its permeability, the membrane can conduct an electrical impulse and has a number of enzymatic functions associated with it.

A

cell membrane

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2
Q

A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.

A

homeostasis

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3
Q

prohibits or permits passage of substances in/out of the cell

A

select permeability

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4
Q

the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

A

diffusion

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5
Q

Protoplasm outside the nucleus; the site of all metabolic functions in the cell.

A

cytoplasm

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6
Q

Protoplasmic organelles containing ribonucleic acid; necessary for protein synthesis.

A

ribosomes

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7
Q

Protoplasmic organelles containing ribonucleic acid; necessary for protein synthesis.

A

nucleus

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8
Q

Mass of stainable material in the cell nucleus that houses nuclear RNA.

A

nucleolus

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9
Q

Major class of organic compounds in the cell composed of a sugar or derivative of a sugar, phosphoric acid, and a base; RNA and DNA.

A

nucleic acids

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10
Q

Division of the cytoplasm during telophase of mitosis or meiosis.

A

cytokinesis

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11
Q

Having half the diploid number of chromosomes found in somatic cells. Referred to as “n;” in humans, the “n”

A

haploid

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12
Q

Possessing 2 sets of chromosomes, in reference to somatic cells, which have 2 times the number of chromosomes present in the egg or sperm. Referred to as “2n;” in humans, the “2n” .

A

diploid

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13
Q

2n

A

the diploid number (i.e. 46 chromosomes)

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14
Q

70 – 85% of the protoplasm is composed of what?

A

water

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15
Q

Two functions of water in the cell are what?

A

solvent and dispersion medium

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16
Q

two types of mineral salts that are essential to the life of the cell are what?

A

sodium and potassium

17
Q

what is the site of all metabolic activity in the cell?

18
Q

what is mitosis?

A

Process of cellular reproduction in somatic cells whereby one parent cell divides to form 2 daughter cells with the same chromosome number and DNA content as the original parent cell; consists of 4 stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase

19
Q

what is meiosis?

A

Process of cell division in germ cells, consisting of 2 cellular divisions but only 1 DNA replication, resulting in formation of 4 gametocytes, each containing half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells.

20
Q

The purpose of salts in the cell is _________, and when there is loss of calcium in the cell, the patient will develop _____________.

A

proper functioning

muscle cramps.

21
Q

Alteration of information carried by the DNA is considered to be a

22
Q

The double strand helis is ______. What type of information does it carry?

23
Q

the number of chromosomes in germ cells is known as

24
Q

the number of chromosomes in somatic cells is known as

25
This organelle in the cell, which contains enzymes and carbohydrates, is considered one of the initial theories of radiation cell kill:
lysosomes
26
The nucleotide is composed of __________ and plays an important, vital role in the exchange of information on the DNA double helix strand.
chromosomes
27
What are the cell cycle stages?
M phase G1 phase S phase G2 phase
28
what happens in the G1 phase?
cell metabolically active; duplicates organelles and cytosolic components; start relicating centrosomes
29
How long is G1 phase?
8-10 hours
30
What happens in the S phase?
DNA is replicated
31
how long is the S phase?
6-8 hours
32
what happens in the G2 phase?
cell growth continues; enzymes and other proteins are synthesized and repliction of centrosomes is completed
33
how long is the G2 phase?
4-6 hours
34
what is G0 phase?
exit from the cell cycle, nondividing cell
35
what is the order of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase