Homework 1 Flashcards
a selectively permeable structure either prohibiting or permitting the passage of substances into & out of the cell. In addition to its permeability, the membrane can conduct an electrical impulse and has a number of enzymatic functions associated with it.
cell membrane
A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.
homeostasis
prohibits or permits passage of substances in/out of the cell
select permeability
the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
diffusion
Protoplasm outside the nucleus; the site of all metabolic functions in the cell.
cytoplasm
Protoplasmic organelles containing ribonucleic acid; necessary for protein synthesis.
ribosomes
Protoplasmic organelles containing ribonucleic acid; necessary for protein synthesis.
nucleus
Mass of stainable material in the cell nucleus that houses nuclear RNA.
nucleolus
Major class of organic compounds in the cell composed of a sugar or derivative of a sugar, phosphoric acid, and a base; RNA and DNA.
nucleic acids
Division of the cytoplasm during telophase of mitosis or meiosis.
cytokinesis
Having half the diploid number of chromosomes found in somatic cells. Referred to as “n;” in humans, the “n”
haploid
Possessing 2 sets of chromosomes, in reference to somatic cells, which have 2 times the number of chromosomes present in the egg or sperm. Referred to as “2n;” in humans, the “2n” .
diploid
2n
the diploid number (i.e. 46 chromosomes)
70 – 85% of the protoplasm is composed of what?
water
Two functions of water in the cell are what?
solvent and dispersion medium
two types of mineral salts that are essential to the life of the cell are what?
sodium and potassium
what is the site of all metabolic activity in the cell?
cytoplasm
what is mitosis?
Process of cellular reproduction in somatic cells whereby one parent cell divides to form 2 daughter cells with the same chromosome number and DNA content as the original parent cell; consists of 4 stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase
what is meiosis?
Process of cell division in germ cells, consisting of 2 cellular divisions but only 1 DNA replication, resulting in formation of 4 gametocytes, each containing half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells.
The purpose of salts in the cell is _________, and when there is loss of calcium in the cell, the patient will develop _____________.
proper functioning
muscle cramps.
Alteration of information carried by the DNA is considered to be a
mutation
The double strand helis is ______. What type of information does it carry?
DNA
genetic
the number of chromosomes in germ cells is known as
haploid (n)
the number of chromosomes in somatic cells is known as
diploid (2n)
This organelle in the cell, which contains enzymes and carbohydrates, is considered one of the initial theories of radiation cell kill:
lysosomes
The nucleotide is composed of __________ and plays an important, vital role in the exchange of information on the DNA double helix strand.
chromosomes
What are the cell cycle stages?
M phase
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
what happens in the G1 phase?
cell metabolically active; duplicates organelles and cytosolic components; start relicating centrosomes
How long is G1 phase?
8-10 hours
What happens in the S phase?
DNA is replicated
how long is the S phase?
6-8 hours
what happens in the G2 phase?
cell growth continues; enzymes and other proteins are synthesized and repliction of centrosomes is completed
how long is the G2 phase?
4-6 hours
what is G0 phase?
exit from the cell cycle, nondividing cell
what is the order of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
