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Radiation Biology > Homework 1 > Flashcards

Homework 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

a selectively permeable structure either prohibiting or permitting the passage of substances into & out of the cell. In addition to its permeability, the membrane can conduct an electrical impulse and has a number of enzymatic functions associated with it.

A

cell membrane

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2
Q

A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.

A

homeostasis

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3
Q

prohibits or permits passage of substances in/out of the cell

A

select permeability

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4
Q

the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

A

diffusion

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5
Q

Protoplasm outside the nucleus; the site of all metabolic functions in the cell.

A

cytoplasm

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6
Q

Protoplasmic organelles containing ribonucleic acid; necessary for protein synthesis.

A

ribosomes

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7
Q

Protoplasmic organelles containing ribonucleic acid; necessary for protein synthesis.

A

nucleus

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8
Q

Mass of stainable material in the cell nucleus that houses nuclear RNA.

A

nucleolus

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9
Q

Major class of organic compounds in the cell composed of a sugar or derivative of a sugar, phosphoric acid, and a base; RNA and DNA.

A

nucleic acids

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10
Q

Division of the cytoplasm during telophase of mitosis or meiosis.

A

cytokinesis

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11
Q

Having half the diploid number of chromosomes found in somatic cells. Referred to as “n;” in humans, the “n”

A

haploid

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12
Q

Possessing 2 sets of chromosomes, in reference to somatic cells, which have 2 times the number of chromosomes present in the egg or sperm. Referred to as “2n;” in humans, the “2n” .

A

diploid

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13
Q

2n

A

the diploid number (i.e. 46 chromosomes)

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14
Q

70 – 85% of the protoplasm is composed of what?

A

water

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15
Q

Two functions of water in the cell are what?

A

solvent and dispersion medium

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16
Q

two types of mineral salts that are essential to the life of the cell are what?

A

sodium and potassium

17
Q

what is the site of all metabolic activity in the cell?

A

cytoplasm

18
Q

what is mitosis?

A

Process of cellular reproduction in somatic cells whereby one parent cell divides to form 2 daughter cells with the same chromosome number and DNA content as the original parent cell; consists of 4 stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase

19
Q

what is meiosis?

A

Process of cell division in germ cells, consisting of 2 cellular divisions but only 1 DNA replication, resulting in formation of 4 gametocytes, each containing half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells.

20
Q

The purpose of salts in the cell is _________, and when there is loss of calcium in the cell, the patient will develop _____________.

A

proper functioning

muscle cramps.

21
Q

Alteration of information carried by the DNA is considered to be a

A

mutation

22
Q

The double strand helis is ______. What type of information does it carry?

A

DNA

genetic

23
Q

the number of chromosomes in germ cells is known as

A

haploid (n)

24
Q

the number of chromosomes in somatic cells is known as

A

diploid (2n)

25
Q

This organelle in the cell, which contains enzymes and carbohydrates, is considered one of the initial theories of radiation cell kill:

A

lysosomes

26
Q

The nucleotide is composed of __________ and plays an important, vital role in the exchange of information on the DNA double helix strand.

A

chromosomes

27
Q

What are the cell cycle stages?

A

M phase
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase

28
Q

what happens in the G1 phase?

A

cell metabolically active; duplicates organelles and cytosolic components; start relicating centrosomes

29
Q

How long is G1 phase?

A

8-10 hours

30
Q

What happens in the S phase?

A

DNA is replicated

31
Q

how long is the S phase?

A

6-8 hours

32
Q

what happens in the G2 phase?

A

cell growth continues; enzymes and other proteins are synthesized and repliction of centrosomes is completed

33
Q

how long is the G2 phase?

A

4-6 hours

34
Q

what is G0 phase?

A

exit from the cell cycle, nondividing cell

35
Q

what is the order of mitosis?

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Radiation Biology (6 decks)

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