Homework 1

Question 1

a selectively permeable structure either prohibiting or permitting the passage of substances into & out of the cell. In addition to its permeability, the membrane can conduct an electrical impulse and has a number of enzymatic functions associated with it.

Answer 1

cell membrane

Question 2

A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.

Answer 2

homeostasis

Question 3

prohibits or permits passage of substances in/out of the cell

Answer 3

select permeability

Question 4

the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Answer 4

diffusion

Question 5

Protoplasm outside the nucleus; the site of all metabolic functions in the cell.

Answer 5

cytoplasm

Question 6

Protoplasmic organelles containing ribonucleic acid; necessary for protein synthesis.

Answer 6

ribosomes

Question 7

Protoplasmic organelles containing ribonucleic acid; necessary for protein synthesis.

Answer 7

nucleus

Question 8

Mass of stainable material in the cell nucleus that houses nuclear RNA.

Answer 8

nucleolus

Question 9

Major class of organic compounds in the cell composed of a sugar or derivative of a sugar, phosphoric acid, and a base; RNA and DNA.

Answer 9

nucleic acids

Question 10

Division of the cytoplasm during telophase of mitosis or meiosis.

Answer 10

cytokinesis

Question 11

Having half the diploid number of chromosomes found in somatic cells. Referred to as “n;” in humans, the “n”

Answer 11

haploid

Question 12

Possessing 2 sets of chromosomes, in reference to somatic cells, which have 2 times the number of chromosomes present in the egg or sperm. Referred to as “2n;” in humans, the “2n” .

Answer 12

diploid

Question 13

2n

Answer 13

the diploid number (i.e. 46 chromosomes)

Question 14

70 – 85% of the protoplasm is composed of what?

Answer 14

water

Question 15

Two functions of water in the cell are what?

Answer 15

solvent and dispersion medium

Question 16

two types of mineral salts that are essential to the life of the cell are what?

Answer 16

sodium and potassium

Question 17

what is the site of all metabolic activity in the cell?

Answer 17

cytoplasm

Question 18

what is mitosis?

Answer 18

Process of cellular reproduction in somatic cells whereby one parent cell divides to form 2 daughter cells with the same chromosome number and DNA content as the original parent cell; consists of 4 stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase

Question 19

what is meiosis?

Answer 19

Process of cell division in germ cells, consisting of 2 cellular divisions but only 1 DNA replication, resulting in formation of 4 gametocytes, each containing half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells.

Question 20

The purpose of salts in the cell is _________, and when there is loss of calcium in the cell, the patient will develop _____________.

Answer 20

proper functioning

muscle cramps.

Question 21

Alteration of information carried by the DNA is considered to be a

Answer 21

mutation

Question 22

The double strand helis is ______. What type of information does it carry?

Answer 22

DNA

genetic

Question 23

the number of chromosomes in germ cells is known as

Answer 23

haploid (n)

Question 24

the number of chromosomes in somatic cells is known as

Answer 24

diploid (2n)

Question 25

This organelle in the cell, which contains enzymes and carbohydrates, is considered one of the initial theories of radiation cell kill:

Answer 25

lysosomes

Question 26

The nucleotide is composed of __________ and plays an important, vital role in the exchange of information on the DNA double helix strand.

Answer 26

chromosomes

Question 27

What are the cell cycle stages?

Answer 27

M phase
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase

Question 28

what happens in the G1 phase?

Answer 28

cell metabolically active; duplicates organelles and cytosolic components; start relicating centrosomes

Question 29

How long is G1 phase?

Answer 29

8-10 hours

Question 30

What happens in the S phase?

Answer 30

DNA is replicated

Question 31

how long is the S phase?

Answer 31

6-8 hours

Question 32

what happens in the G2 phase?

Answer 32

cell growth continues; enzymes and other proteins are synthesized and repliction of centrosomes is completed

Question 33

how long is the G2 phase?

Answer 33

4-6 hours

Question 34

what is G0 phase?

Answer 34

exit from the cell cycle, nondividing cell

Question 35

what is the order of mitosis?

Answer 35

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase