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Marine Biology > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Has paired fins ( pelvic and pectoral) and scales

A

Jawed Fishes

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2
Q

Two groups of jawed fishes

A

Cartilaginous and bony fishes

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3
Q

Gill covers of Bony fish

A

Operculum

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4
Q

Have moveable fins

A

Bony Fish

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5
Q

4 examples of cartilaginous fish

A

Sharks, rays, Skate and Chimaeras

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6
Q

What kind of scales do sharks have?

A

Placoid scales

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7
Q

What kind of tails do sharks have?

A

Heterocercal

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8
Q

Whatdo sharks use to hold onto female sharks during mating?

A

Claspers

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9
Q

How do humans exploit sharks

A

Shark fin soup, meat , oil, leather, cartilage and recreation

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10
Q

What ecosystem within the ocean are skates and rays adapted to?

A

An ocean bottom existance

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11
Q

Which fins are enlarged on skates and rays?

A

Pectoral fins

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12
Q

Where are the gill slits on skates and rays?

A

ventral side

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13
Q

What is the difference between skates tail and rays tail?

A

rays have long thin tails, skates have fleshy tails with 2 small dorsal fins and rows of thorns

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14
Q

Skates pelvicc fins have how many lobes

A

2

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15
Q

How do rays swim?

A

Move their pectoral fins up and down

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16
Q

How do skates swim?

A

Create a wave forward to backward along their pectoral fin edges

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17
Q

What sort of reproduction do rays have?

A

Ovoviviparious

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18
Q

What sort of reproduction do skates have?

A

Mostly oviparious

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19
Q

Chimaeras characteristics

A

ratfish and rabbitfish; long pointed tails and long heads,, operculum, have large plates for crushing prey, scaleless, bottom dwellers

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20
Q

Two lineages of bony fish

A

Ray finned and lobe finned

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21
Q

Lobe finned fish charactetistics

A

Thick fleshy fins with bony support and have gills and lung sacks

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22
Q

Ray finned fish characteristics

A

Fins are supported by thin rays and have swim bladder for buoyancy

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23
Q

Lobfins skeletons are made of

A

Bones and cartilage

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24
Q

What kinds of scales do modern bony fish have?

A

Cycloid and ctenoid

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25
Q

Median fins on bony fish consist of

A

1 or more dorsal fins, caudal fin (homeocercal) and anal fin. Helps maintain stability during swimming

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26
Q

Paired fins consist of

A

pectoral and pelvic, used for steering

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27
Q

Fish colloration and patterning consists of

A

COuntershading, disruptive coloration, poster colors, warning colors, camoflauge

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28
Q

How do fish breathe

A

Gills used to extract O2 and eliminate CO2, water must continually move past gills in order to keep bood oxygenated

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29
Q

Sharks gain water by

A

Osmosis

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30
Q

Salt enters with food and through gills and exit through

A

rectal gand

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31
Q

Osmo-regulation in cartilaginous fish

A

Iso-osmotic and hyper-osmotic

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32
Q

Osmo-regulation in ray finned fishes

A

Hypo-osmotic

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33
Q

How do fish gain and lose water?

A

Gain water through mouth and lose it through osmosis

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34
Q

How do fish excrete salt?

A

Through gills

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35
Q

How do fish gain salt other than through the mouth?

A

Through diffusion

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36
Q

What helps cartilaginous fish stay buoyant?

A

Their liver produces squalene oil

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37
Q

How does the swim bladder work in ray finned fishes?

A

They can adjust the amount of gas in the swim bladder, gas is added as the fish goes up and removed as it goes down

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38
Q

What is the system called that allows sharks to smell?

A

Olfaction, olfactory receptors are located in the olfactory pits

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39
Q

Where are taste receptors located on sharks?

A

Head, jaws, tongue, mouth and barbels

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40
Q

What is the lateral line system that all fish have?

A

Senses change in water pressure and consists of canals running along the length of the fishes body and the head

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41
Q

Digestion system in ray finned fishes

A

Pyloric Caeca

42
Q

Digestion system in cartilaginous fishes

A

Spiral valve, increases surface area

43
Q

What do filter feeding fish use to eat?

A

Gill rakers

44
Q

larvae is originally nourished by

A

Yolk sac

45
Q

Adaptive values of schooling

A

Increases food finding and predators cannot focus on one fish

46
Q

Fresh water to salt water migration is called

A

Catadromous (freshwater eel)

47
Q

Salt water to fresh water migration is called

A

Anadromous (Salmon)

48
Q

What aids in a fish’s sense of direction

A

Suns, magnetic fields, currents, temperature gradients, food supply, ODOR to navigate upstream

49
Q

5 Pacific salmon species

A

Spring, Coho, Sockeye, chum, pink

50
Q

Life stages of a salmon

A

Egg, alevin, fry, fingerling, smolt, ocean going, spawner

51
Q

Characteristics of class mamalia

A

Hair at some point, Endothermic, homeothemric, milk and mammary glands, placental mammals, feed at various trophic levels

52
Q

Examples of Pinnipeds

A

Seals, Sea Lions and Walruses

53
Q

Pinniped charactersitics

A
  1. Spindle shaped bodies
  2. Thick layers of fat
  3. 2 pairs of limbs are modified as flippers
54
Q

Pinniped diving modifications

A
  1. Exhale before diving
  2. Metabolsim slows and heart rate decreases
  3. High amount of oxygen in muscles
55
Q

True seals

A
  1. For limb smaller than hind limb
  2. Better adapted to water
  3. Lack external ears ad cannot rotate flippers
56
Q

2 types of Eared Seals

A
  1. Sea Lions - Coarse coat of GUARDHAIR, no undercoat

2. Fur Seals - Thick undercoat and solitary

57
Q

Walrus characteristics

A
  1. Lack external ears
  2. Canine teeth develop into tusks
  3. Hind limbs used for walking on land
  4. 1 bull, 3 female
58
Q

Sirens; completely aquatic, helpless on land

A

Dugongs and manatee

59
Q

Characteristics of Cetaceans

A

Streamlined boies, blowholes, blubber, no neck, hairless, fluke main propulsion

60
Q

Cetacean diving adaptations

A

Lungs and ribcage collapse easily, blood shunted to vital organs, brain stem less sensitive to CO2 and 2x blood per body weight

61
Q

Cetacean behaviours

A

Spy Hopping, breaching, tail flap, flukes up, pec slap

62
Q

2 sub orders in cetaceans

A

Toothed whale and baleen whales

63
Q

What is baleen composed of and how is it used?

A

Keratin and used to capture plankton by tight mesh of baleen spikes

64
Q

Feeding mechanisms of baleen whales

A

Bubble netting (humpbacks), gulping and surface skimming

65
Q

Right whales and bowhead whales lack ______

A

Dorsal fin

66
Q

Whales that have longitudinal folds of skin running from mouth to navel that allow mouth to expand

A

Rorqual

67
Q

Examples of toothed whales

A

Narwhals, Beluga, dolphin, porpoises and sperm whale

68
Q

Dolphins emit 2 different kinds of clicks

A

Discrimination clicks and orientation clicks

69
Q

What can dolphins determine from their clicks?

A

distance, direction, size, shape, texture and density

70
Q

Species compilation and density changes between lower, middle and upper inter-tidal zone is called

A

Zonation

71
Q

Concentration of toxins in the tissues of animals as toxins are passed up the food chain without being broken down or excreted

A

bio-magnification

72
Q

How many barrels of oil went into the sea with the BP spill in the gulf of Mexico

A

4.9 Billion

73
Q

Eutrophication leads to

A

Algal blooms, fish deaths, hypoxia (low oxygen) and anoxia(no oxygen)

74
Q

4 major basins (oceans)

A

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Arctic

75
Q

Where is 0 degrees longitude

A

Greenwich meridian which is the international date line

76
Q

Victoria’s longitude and lattitude

A

48 latitude and 123 longitude

77
Q

1 degree latitude equals how many minutes?

A

60

78
Q

Marine organism are what percentage water

A

75%

79
Q

Terrestial organisms are what percentage water

A

2/3 or 66%

80
Q

Water a polar molecule is an excellent solvent of what kind of molecules

A

other polar molecules, can dissolve salt but not other non-polar molecules like oil

81
Q

The ocean heats and cools slowly because water has a high _______

A

specific heat

82
Q

Oceans pH is

A

8

83
Q

pure freshwater has a pH of

A

7

84
Q

what percent salt and water is seawater?

A

3.5% salt and 96.5% water

85
Q

ppt stands for

A

Parts per Thousand

86
Q

3.5% salt equals how many ppt

A

35 ppt

87
Q

Denisty

A

mass of a substance in a given volume, mass/volume

88
Q

Salt water is ____than fresh water

A

denser (heavier)

89
Q

Cold water is _____than warm water

A

denser (heavier)

90
Q

Ocean has two layer

A

Surface layer and deep layer

91
Q

Thermocline seperates

A

warm surface water from cold deep water

92
Q

Halocline sperates

A

low salinity water from high salinity water

93
Q

pycnocline seperates

A

less dense water from more dense water

94
Q

NEAP tide means

A

Near Equal As Possible during 1st and 3rd quarter moons

95
Q

When do spring tides occur?

A

During full and new moons

96
Q

Depressions on rocky inter-tidal shore that remain submerged when tide ebbs

A

Tidal pool

97
Q

Estuaries are ______

A

Transition are between river and ocean

98
Q

Estuaries are breeding ground for

A

inverts and fishes

99
Q

Estuaries are feeding ground for

A

Birds and mammals

100
Q

Mostly tropical, clear calm, oxygen rich ocean waters are

A

Coral reefs

Marine Biology (6 decks)

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