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Marine Biology > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Phylum chordata includes subphyla vertibrates

A

Tunicates and lancelets

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2
Q

All chordates have

A

notochord which turns into veterbral column into vertebrates

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3
Q

How do tunicates (sea squirts) feed?

A

Sessile, filter feeders

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4
Q

Lancelets

A

Fish like chordates, infaunal, benthic, suspension feeders

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5
Q

Reptiles adapted for success on land then returned to the sea

A

Marine reptiles

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6
Q

reptiles have skin covered with scales made of

A

Keratin

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7
Q

How do reptiles produce heat?

A

Ectotherms

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8
Q

Modern day reptiles include

A

Crocodiles, turtles, birds, snakes, lizards

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9
Q

Producing young by means of an egg that is hatched

A

Oviparous

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10
Q

The type of egg produced by reptiles, birds, and (amniotes), in which the embryo develops inside an amnion. The shell of the egg is either calcium-based or leathery.

A

Amniotic Egg ( terrestrial adaptation found in reptiles, birds and mammals)

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11
Q

Largest living reptiles

A

Marine Crocodiles

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12
Q

Marine crocodiles eat mainly fish and drink salt water eliminating excess salt through

A

salt glands on their tongues

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13
Q

How many species of sea turtles are there?

A

7

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14
Q

Sea Turtles shells are fused to skeleton and made of

A

Outer layer composed of Keratin and inner layer composed of bone

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15
Q

In what ways are sea turtles adapted to sea life?

A 
Shell is light, flat and streamlined
Fatty deposits and spongy bones add buoyancy
Front limbs are modified into flippers
Back limbs used for steering
salt glands above eyes
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16
Q

Environmental sex determination (sea turtles)

A

use incubation temp to determine sex

17
Q

Turtles migrate hundreds to thousands of km and return to

A

Natal (birth site)beaches to nest

18
Q

Dangers to sea turtles

A 
Beach erosion/alteration
Artificial lighting near natal beaches
Fishing nets trap and kill sea turtles
Hunted by humans
Dogs, cats, racoons prey on eggs
19
Q

Only marine lizard

A

Marine Iguana (good swimmers, feed on algae, nasal salt glands)

20
Q

Sea snakes are descendants of

A

Lizards

21
Q

Sea snakes feed on

A

fish and fish eggs

22
Q

Sea snakes are mostly (ovo)vivparous

A

Producing young by means of eggs that hatch inside the body of the parent

23
Q

Sea snake adaptations to life in the sea

A
  • Nostrils with valves
  • scales reduced or absent
  • tail compressed laterally
  • Gas exchange through skin (and lung)
  • salt gland under tongue
24
Q

Types of seabirds

A

Shorebirds, pelicans, tubenoses, penguins

25
Q

Convergent evolution

A

Organisms not closely related independently evolve similar traits from having to evolve to the similar environments.

26
Q

An example of convergent evolution among sea birds

A

The puffin and the penguin, both have black and white coloring and torpedo shaped bodies, flipper like wings

27
Q

what are some way sea birds have adapted for flight?

A 
Endothermic and Homeothermic (maintain body temp)
Strong muscles
Advanced respiratory/circuatory system
Excellent sight, hearing and large brain
Weight reduction
28
Q

Weight reduction in birds

A

Hollow bones, reduced gonads, lack of teeth

29
Q

Some ways that sea birds have adapted to life at sea

A

Salt glands above eyes drain into nasal cavity
webbed feet
Ability to “fly” under water

30
Q

Examples of Jawless fishes

A

Hagfish and Lampreys

31
Q

Jawless fish

A

Lack jaws and have paired fins and scales

32
Q

Hagfish and lampreys have skeletons of

A

cartilage

33
Q

Hagfish also lack

A

Vertebrate, lampreys have rudimentary vertibrate

34
Q

Where do Hagfish live and how do they feed?

A

They are bottom dwellers and scavengers, have a rasping tongue with denticles on it

35
Q

Where do Lampreys live and how do they feed?

A

Lampreys are anadramous (migratory) and they have an oral disk with denticles, external parasite on fish

Marine Biology (6 decks)

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