Chp. 8

Question 1

Invertebrates

Answer 1

are animals that lack a vertebral column

Question 2

Vertebrates

Answer 2

are animals that have a vertebrate column

Question 3

Sessile

Answer 3

Animals that are permanently attached to a solid surface

Question 4

Ostia

Answer 4

Holes in the body of sponges through which water enter

Question 5

Spngocoel

Answer 5

A cavity in the body of a sponge

Question 6

Osculum

Answer 6

an opening through which a sponge expels water

Question 7

Tissue

Answer 7

Groups of specialized cells that perform a specific function

Question 8

Choanocytes

Answer 8

Flagellated cells in a sponges body that circulate water and trap food

Question 9

Pinacocytes

Answer 9

Cells that make up the outer covering of a sponge and line internal chambers no lined by choanocytes

Question 10

Archaeocytes

Answer 10

Cells that form any of the cell types in the sponge body

Question 11

Spicules

Answer 11

Structures that support a sponges body ( Calcium carbonate, silica or protein)

Question 12

Spongin

Answer 12

Protein that makes up flexible spicules

Question 13

Asconoid

Answer 13

simplest, tubular, always small, clustered, no invaginations

Question 14

Syconoid

Answer 14

single spongocoels containing man invaginations

Question 15

Leuconoid

Answer 15

Multiple spongocoels and chambers leading to them

Question 16

Suspension feeder

Answer 16

organism that feeds on food suspended in the water

Question 17

Filter feeder

Answer 17

an organism that filters its food from the water

Question 18

Budding

Answer 18

A type of asexual reproduction in which a group of cells on the surface of te parent develops onto a new individual

Question 19

Hermaphrodites

Answer 19

Animals that can produce both male and female gametes

Question 20

Photoperiod

Answer 20

Relative amount of light and darkness in a 24 hour period (stimules to produce gametes) temp stim as well

Question 21

amphiblastula

Answer 21

Planktonic larval stage of a sponge

Question 22

Cnidarian

Answer 22

An animal that belongs to the phylum Cnidaria

Question 23

Cnidocyte

Answer 23

Stinging cell found in all Cnidarians

Question 24

Radial symmetry

Answer 24

organization of body parts around a central axis

Question 25

Polyp

Answer 25

Cylindrical body with opening at one end, the mouth which is usually surrounded by tentacles

Question 26

Medusa

Answer 26

Free floating form of Cnidarian that resembles an umbrella

Question 27

Epidermis

Answer 27

outer layer of cells

Question 28

Gastrovascular Cavity

Answer 28

Large cavity found within the bodies of some animals

Question 29

Gastrodermis

Answer 29

Layer of cells that lines the gastrovascular cavity

Question 30

Mesoglea

Answer 30

Gelatinous material found between the epidermis and gastrodermis in cnidarians

Question 31

Cnida

Answer 31

Stinging organelle of a cnidocyte

Question 32

Nematocyst

Answer 32

Spearing type of cnida

Question 33

Cnidocil

Answer 33

Short bristle like structure that acts as a trigger for a cnidocyte

Question 34

Hydrozoans (Hydroid)

Answer 34

mostly colonial cnidarians that belong to class Hydrozoa

Question 35

Feeding Polyp

Answer 35

Specializes in capturing food and feeding colony

Question 36

Reproductive Polyp

Answer 36

Specializes in reproduction

Question 37

Scyphozoans

Answer 37

True Jellyfish

Question 38

Photoreceptors

Answer 38

Light sensing organelles

Question 39

Anthozoans

Answer 39

Sea anemones and corals

Question 40

Cubozoans

Answer 40

Box jellyfish ( can cause death)

Question 41

Planula Larva

Answer 41

fertilized egg from medusa develops into Planktonic Larval stage

Question 42

Pedal laceration

Answer 42

Asexual reproduction in sea anemones, portion of base is broken off and forms a new individual

Question 43

Fission

Answer 43

Asexual reproduction in sea anemones in which the anemone splits into two, each half develop into new individual

Question 44

Ctenophores

Answer 44

Gelatinous zooplankton belonging to phylum Cnetophora

Question 45

Comb Plates

Answer 45

Rows of cilia used by cnetophores for locomotion

Question 46

Statocyst

Answer 46

organ that helps maintain equilibrium

Question 47

Colloblasts

Answer 47

Specialized adhesive cells found on tentacles of some cnetophores, used to capture prey

Question 48

Cydippid

Answer 48

Planktonic larvae of cnetophore

Question 49

Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 49

only one plane divides the animal in half down central plane

Question 50

Cephalization

Answer 50

evolutionary process where sense organs became concentrated in the head of an animal

Question 51

Turbellarians (free living)

Answer 51

non-parasitic flatworms

Question 52

Turbellarians move in 2 ways

Answer 52

use cilia to move and produce mucus to slide

Question 53

Flukes

Answer 53

Parasitic flatworms with complex life cycles(different hosts)

Question 54

Tapeworms

Answer 54

parasitic flatworms that live in the intestines of animals

Question 55

Chemoreceptors

Answer 55

Sense organs that detect chemicals

Question 56

Ribbon Worms

Answer 56

Ribbon like worms

Question 57

Proboscis

Answer 57

Tube like structure used by ribbon worms to capture prey (Coils)

Question 58

Lophophorates

Answer 58

Sessile animals from several phyla that lack a destinct head and share the common feature of a feeding device known as lophophore

Question 59

Lophophore

Answer 59

arrangement of cilliated tentacles that function in feeding and gas exchange

Question 60

3 phyla of lophophores

Answer 60

Phoronoids, bryozoans and brachiopods