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Microbiology > test 3 > Flashcards

test 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

signs of inflammation include

A
  1. rubor 2. calor 3. tumor 4. dolor
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2
Q

activation of complement may result in…

A
  1. inflammation 2. opsonization of antigens 3. lysis of antigens 4. phagocytosis of antigens
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3
Q

which substance is released by virus infected cells for the purpose of protecting other nearby cells

A

interferon

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4
Q

Receiving an inoculation of attenuated polio virus and thereafter remaining immune to polio is an example of

A

artificially acquired active immunity

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5
Q

which of the following is an antigen presenting cell? (macrophage/basophil/plasma cell/ cytotoxic T cell/ neutrophil)

A

Macrophage

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6
Q

what immunoglobulin attaches to basophils and mast cells and results in degranulation upon exposure to allergen

A

IgE

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7
Q

degranulation of mast cells and basophils release what?

A

histamines

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8
Q

Rh- mother delivers Rh+ baby what could happen to baby

A

if first, nothing. if second baby is in danger of attack by mothers antibodies

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9
Q

Auto immune disorder exists when…

A

immune system attacks self

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10
Q

A congenital immune deficiency in which the thymus gland fails to form…

A

Thymus aplasia (DiGeorge syndrome)

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11
Q

hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

hypothyroidism

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12
Q

addison’s disease

A

lack of production of adrenal glands hormones

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13
Q

kaposi’s syndrome

A

associated with HIV (cancerous tumor in skin)

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14
Q

physical barrier to infection

A

mucus and skin

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15
Q

Leukocytes comunicate with each other via

A

cytokines

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16
Q

Eosinophiles are particularly active against

A

parastitic antigens

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17
Q

where are leukocytes formed?

A

bone marrow

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18
Q

what are cytokines

A

interleukin, colony stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor, interferon

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19
Q

where doe T Lymphocytes mature

A

thymus gland

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20
Q

newborn has antibodies before exposure, how?

A

through transfer of antibodies in placenta

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21
Q

innate immunity means?

A

born with it

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22
Q

tears and saliva are antibacterial chemicals known as

A

lysosyme

23
Q

mucous membranes assisnt in infection prevention by

A

moving microbes on cilia

24
Q

why does the outer layer of skin not inflame

A

because its dead

25
Q

Interleukin 1 is known as

A

Endogenous pyrogen

26
Q

Edogenous pyrogen means

A

tells brain to raise body thermostat

27
Q

normal flora means

A

microbes which normally live in specific body location

28
Q

complement is synthesized where?

A

In the liver

29
Q

acivated complemnet may result in…

A

inflammation, destruction of antigen, opsonization of antigen

30
Q

what leukocytes are born in bone marrow?

A

eosinophiles, basophils, B lymphocytes, monocytes et c

31
Q

normal WBC for neutrophils =?

A

60%

32
Q

what leukocytes are granulocytes?

A

Nuetrophils and basophils

33
Q

which leukocytes relase histamine

A

basophils

34
Q

which leukocytes are good at preventing parasitic worms

A

eosinophils

35
Q

inteferon released by a cell is prompted by

A

viruses present

36
Q

Humoral immunity means

A

its affective against extracellular antigens and uses antibodies as principle agent

37
Q

cell mediated immunity means

A

conducted by plasma cels, effective only against extracellular antigens, involves apoptosis

38
Q

memory cells

A

are essential to acquired immunity

39
Q

shape of antibodies are

A

Y shaped

40
Q

what cells of immune system release antibodies

A

plasma cells

41
Q

antibodies secreted by plasma cells remain in body in,,,

A

blood plasma

42
Q

specialized microphages include

A

alveolar macrophages, microglia, kupffer cells and dendritic cells

43
Q

having recieved a tetanus vaccine that is what kind of immunity

A

artificially acquired active immunity

44
Q

fo r which infectino there is no vaccine?

A

gonorrhea

45
Q

to stimulate a resistance to small pox, they exposed child to

A

variola

46
Q

type 1 hypersensitivities

A

may occur following contact with pollen, occur when IgE binds to mast cells and basophils

47
Q

some immune system disorders cause antigen antibody complexes to agglunitate and lodge in certain body locations, ex:

A

glomerulonephritis and disseminated intravascular coagulation

48
Q

a disorder of aoutoimmunity in which cytotoxic T cells attack and destroy insulin secreting cells is

A

type 1 diabetes

49
Q

primary immunodeficiencies

A

are present at birth

50
Q

a child is born with hypogammaglobulinemia, how is it remedied?

A

regular rx wiht medicinal gamma globulin

51
Q

what is truie of penicillin G

A

synthesized by mold, given via injection, has beta lactam ring, is pinicillinase susceptible

52
Q

first beta lactimase resistant antibiiotic of penicillin family was

A

Methinicillin

53
Q

cephalosporins

A

inhibit bacterial DNA replication

Microbiology (6 decks)

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