test 3 Flashcards
signs of inflammation include
- rubor 2. calor 3. tumor 4. dolor
activation of complement may result in…
- inflammation 2. opsonization of antigens 3. lysis of antigens 4. phagocytosis of antigens
which substance is released by virus infected cells for the purpose of protecting other nearby cells
interferon
Receiving an inoculation of attenuated polio virus and thereafter remaining immune to polio is an example of
artificially acquired active immunity
which of the following is an antigen presenting cell? (macrophage/basophil/plasma cell/ cytotoxic T cell/ neutrophil)
Macrophage
what immunoglobulin attaches to basophils and mast cells and results in degranulation upon exposure to allergen
IgE
degranulation of mast cells and basophils release what?
histamines
Rh- mother delivers Rh+ baby what could happen to baby
if first, nothing. if second baby is in danger of attack by mothers antibodies
Auto immune disorder exists when…
immune system attacks self
A congenital immune deficiency in which the thymus gland fails to form…
Thymus aplasia (DiGeorge syndrome)
hashimoto’s thyroiditis
hypothyroidism
addison’s disease
lack of production of adrenal glands hormones
kaposi’s syndrome
associated with HIV (cancerous tumor in skin)
physical barrier to infection
mucus and skin
Leukocytes comunicate with each other via
cytokines
Eosinophiles are particularly active against
parastitic antigens
where are leukocytes formed?
bone marrow
what are cytokines
interleukin, colony stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor, interferon
where doe T Lymphocytes mature
thymus gland
newborn has antibodies before exposure, how?
through transfer of antibodies in placenta
innate immunity means?
born with it
tears and saliva are antibacterial chemicals known as
lysosyme
mucous membranes assisnt in infection prevention by
moving microbes on cilia
why does the outer layer of skin not inflame
because its dead
Interleukin 1 is known as
Endogenous pyrogen
Edogenous pyrogen means
tells brain to raise body thermostat
normal flora means
microbes which normally live in specific body location
complement is synthesized where?
In the liver
acivated complemnet may result in…
inflammation, destruction of antigen, opsonization of antigen
what leukocytes are born in bone marrow?
eosinophiles, basophils, B lymphocytes, monocytes et c
normal WBC for neutrophils =?
60%
what leukocytes are granulocytes?
Nuetrophils and basophils
which leukocytes relase histamine
basophils
which leukocytes are good at preventing parasitic worms
eosinophils
inteferon released by a cell is prompted by
viruses present
Humoral immunity means
its affective against extracellular antigens and uses antibodies as principle agent
cell mediated immunity means
conducted by plasma cels, effective only against extracellular antigens, involves apoptosis
memory cells
are essential to acquired immunity
shape of antibodies are
Y shaped
what cells of immune system release antibodies
plasma cells
antibodies secreted by plasma cells remain in body in,,,
blood plasma
specialized microphages include
alveolar macrophages, microglia, kupffer cells and dendritic cells
having recieved a tetanus vaccine that is what kind of immunity
artificially acquired active immunity
fo r which infectino there is no vaccine?
gonorrhea
to stimulate a resistance to small pox, they exposed child to
variola
type 1 hypersensitivities
may occur following contact with pollen, occur when IgE binds to mast cells and basophils
some immune system disorders cause antigen antibody complexes to agglunitate and lodge in certain body locations, ex:
glomerulonephritis and disseminated intravascular coagulation
a disorder of aoutoimmunity in which cytotoxic T cells attack and destroy insulin secreting cells is
type 1 diabetes
primary immunodeficiencies
are present at birth
a child is born with hypogammaglobulinemia, how is it remedied?
regular rx wiht medicinal gamma globulin
what is truie of penicillin G
synthesized by mold, given via injection, has beta lactam ring, is pinicillinase susceptible
first beta lactimase resistant antibiiotic of penicillin family was
Methinicillin
cephalosporins
inhibit bacterial DNA replication
