Ch 17 Disorders of Immune system

Question 1

3 types of Immune disorders

Answer 1

1. Hypersensitive (over reacts) 2. Immunodeficiency (under reacts) 3. autoimmunity (no differentiation btw self and non self)

Question 2

Hypersensitivity

Answer 2

recognizes something foreign, inappropriately responds. Type 1-4. Basophil and Mast cell excessive release of histamine

Question 3

steps in hypersensitivity (Type 1)

Answer 3

upon exposure 1. IgE Antibodies bind to basophils/mast cells (1st problem) 2. basophils degranulate (release histamine)

Question 4

How histamine works (anaphylactic shock)

Answer 4

1. excessive vasodilator, drops BP = shock/unconsciousness 2. constricts bronchial tubes

Question 5

how good histamine works

Answer 5

1. relax smooth muscles of arteries to produce hyperemia

Question 6

How to reverse anaphylactic shock

Answer 6

shot of epinephrine (constricts vascular and dilates bronchiolar tubes)

Question 7

Hypersensitivity (Type 2) Agglutination

Answer 7

begins as normal, but can cause problems. (pertaining to blood)

Question 8

Rh factor and Agglutination

Answer 8

(Mom RH-) @ 1st birth blood may mix so mom makes antibodies against RH+. during 2nd birth antibodies may cross placenta and destoys RBC cause baby born with anemia Erythroplastosis fetalis Hemolytic disease of newborn

Question 9

What to do about Erythroplastosis fetalis/ Hemolytic disease of newborn?

Answer 9

Immediate transfer of blood to baby post birth in order to survive

Question 10

Hypersensitivity (Type 3)

Answer 10

Precipitation of Antigen- Antibody Complex (DIC)

Question 11

(DIC) precipition of Antigen-antibody complex

Answer 11

dense combo of AAC which sink/lodge w/n walls of vessels/tubes. complement is stimulated and destroys wall of tube

Question 12

(DIC) Precipitation of Antigen-antibody complex causes

Answer 12

Glomerulonephritis (several others)

Question 13

Impetigo

Answer 13

streptococcus pyogenes infecting the skin (common) in some ppl antibodies will lodge in kidney tubes > complement and inflammation kidney tubes (glumerulonephritis)

Question 14

MMR (or MMRV)

Answer 14

Measles, mumps, rubella (varicella zoster)

Question 15

Rubella complications

Answer 15

“Biological teratogen” birth defects

Question 16

Hypersensitivity (type 4)

Answer 16

Delayed rxn

Question 17

example of Delayed Rxn

Answer 17

TB skin test - contact dermatitis such as poison Ivy, latex

Question 18

Immunodeficiencies ( 2 types)

Answer 18

1. primary immunodeficiencies 2. secondary immunodeficiencies

Question 19

Primary immunodeficiencies

Answer 19

1. congenital hypogammaglobulinemia 2. selective IgA deficiency

Question 20

IgA (deficiency)

Answer 20

class of antibodies in tears, saliva and breast milk (D= genetically cant make antibodies IgA)

Question 21

Secondary Immunodeficiencies

Answer 21

those that we acquire as things go along.

1. newborn
2. aged 3. malnourished

Question 22

Newborn Secondary immunodeficienies

Answer 22

born with mothers antibodies. after 6 months gone.

Question 23

Aged Secondary Immunodeficiencies

Answer 23

get pneumococcal pneumonia (flu) and emergence of shingles as immune system is down

Question 24

Malnourished secondary immunodeficiencies

Answer 24

when nourished (amino acid > protein > antibodies) if malnourished wont make proteins

Question 25

How stress affects immunity

Answer 25

release Epi > release cortisol (bone marrow depressant) decreases bone marrow activity (WBC production).

Question 26

effect of high epi and low WBC

Answer 26

cant sleep with high epi, high BP, leads to cardio vascular disease. cause of death in US

Question 27

side affect Medications relation to immunodeficiency

Answer 27

Meds (side affect of most) > bone marrow depression. low WBC and low immune system

Question 28

Side affect of Alcoholism and immunodeficiency

Answer 28

^ alcoholism ^ immunodeficiency

Question 29

HIV and immunodeficiency

Answer 29

infects CD4 cells, t helper cells (macrophages, dendritic cells) unable to make antibodies. foreign antigen survive infection

Question 30

Autoimmunity

Answer 30

the system fails to eliminate antigens and attacks self

Question 31

Types of autoimmune disorders

Answer 31

1. IDDM 2. Grave's Disease 3. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis 4. Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE) 5. Muscular Dystrophy 6. scleroderma 7. hemolytic anemia

Question 32

Other Autoimmune disorders

Answer 32

1. Rhourmatoid arthritis 2. Diabetes type I 3. Addison's disease 4. A gammaglobulinemia 5. Celiac Disease 6. Chronic Fatigue syndrome 7. Chrones disease 8. fibromyalgia

Question 33

IDDM

Answer 33

causes pancreas to stop making insulin, blood glucose level increases.

Question 34

Graves disease

Answer 34

Antiobodies bind to Thyroid gland. overproduction of thyroid hormone ^^^ thyroxin "hyperthyroidism" loose weight, hot and cold "thyroid toxicosis"

Question 35

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

Answer 35

Hypothyroidism- cold when hot, snoozy, slow

Question 36

Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE)

Answer 36

destruction of vessels, kidneys/heart will fail first. immune system destroys connecting tissues blood vessels disintegrate as a result

Question 37

Myesthenia Gravis

Answer 37

antibodies destroy ACh receptors w/o ACh muscles wont contract = loss of muscle strength