Ch 17 Disorders of Immune system Flashcards
3 types of Immune disorders
- Hypersensitive (over reacts) 2. Immunodeficiency (under reacts) 3. autoimmunity (no differentiation btw self and non self)
Hypersensitivity
recognizes something foreign, inappropriately responds. Type 1-4. Basophil and Mast cell excessive release of histamine
steps in hypersensitivity (Type 1)
upon exposure 1. IgE Antibodies bind to basophils/mast cells (1st problem) 2. basophils degranulate (release histamine)
How histamine works (anaphylactic shock)
- excessive vasodilator, drops BP = shock/unconsciousness 2. constricts bronchial tubes
how good histamine works
- relax smooth muscles of arteries to produce hyperemia
How to reverse anaphylactic shock
shot of epinephrine (constricts vascular and dilates bronchiolar tubes)
Hypersensitivity (Type 2) Agglutination
begins as normal, but can cause problems. (pertaining to blood)
Rh factor and Agglutination
(Mom RH-) @ 1st birth blood may mix so mom makes antibodies against RH+. during 2nd birth antibodies may cross placenta and destoys RBC cause baby born with anemia Erythroplastosis fetalis Hemolytic disease of newborn
What to do about Erythroplastosis fetalis/ Hemolytic disease of newborn?
Immediate transfer of blood to baby post birth in order to survive
Hypersensitivity (Type 3)
Precipitation of Antigen- Antibody Complex (DIC)
(DIC) precipition of Antigen-antibody complex
dense combo of AAC which sink/lodge w/n walls of vessels/tubes. complement is stimulated and destroys wall of tube
(DIC) Precipitation of Antigen-antibody complex causes
Glomerulonephritis (several others)
Impetigo
streptococcus pyogenes infecting the skin (common) in some ppl antibodies will lodge in kidney tubes > complement and inflammation kidney tubes (glumerulonephritis)
MMR (or MMRV)
Measles, mumps, rubella (varicella zoster)
Rubella complications
“Biological teratogen” birth defects
Hypersensitivity (type 4)
Delayed rxn
example of Delayed Rxn
TB skin test - contact dermatitis such as poison Ivy, latex
Immunodeficiencies ( 2 types)
- primary immunodeficiencies 2. secondary immunodeficiencies
Primary immunodeficiencies
- congenital hypogammaglobulinemia 2. selective IgA deficiency
IgA (deficiency)
class of antibodies in tears, saliva and breast milk (D= genetically cant make antibodies IgA)
Secondary Immunodeficiencies
those that we acquire as things go along.
- newborn
- aged 3. malnourished
Newborn Secondary immunodeficienies
born with mothers antibodies. after 6 months gone.
Aged Secondary Immunodeficiencies
get pneumococcal pneumonia (flu) and emergence of shingles as immune system is down
Malnourished secondary immunodeficiencies
when nourished (amino acid > protein > antibodies) if malnourished wont make proteins
How stress affects immunity
release Epi > release cortisol (bone marrow depressant) decreases bone marrow activity (WBC production).
effect of high epi and low WBC
cant sleep with high epi, high BP, leads to cardio vascular disease. cause of death in US
side affect Medications relation to immunodeficiency
Meds (side affect of most) > bone marrow depression. low WBC and low immune system
Side affect of Alcoholism and immunodeficiency
^ alcoholism ^ immunodeficiency
HIV and immunodeficiency
infects CD4 cells, t helper cells (macrophages, dendritic cells) unable to make antibodies. foreign antigen survive infection
Autoimmunity
the system fails to eliminate antigens and attacks self
Types of autoimmune disorders
- IDDM 2. Grave’s Disease 3. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis 4. Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE) 5. Muscular Dystrophy 6. scleroderma 7. hemolytic anemia
Other Autoimmune disorders
- Rhourmatoid arthritis 2. Diabetes type I 3. Addison’s disease 4. A gammaglobulinemia 5. Celiac Disease 6. Chronic Fatigue syndrome 7. Chrones disease 8. fibromyalgia
IDDM
causes pancreas to stop making insulin, blood glucose level increases.
Graves disease
Antiobodies bind to Thyroid gland. overproduction of thyroid hormone ^^^ thyroxin “hyperthyroidism” loose weight, hot and cold “thyroid toxicosis”
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Hypothyroidism- cold when hot, snoozy, slow
Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE)
destruction of vessels, kidneys/heart will fail first. immune system destroys connecting tissues blood vessels disintegrate as a result
Myesthenia Gravis
antibodies destroy ACh receptors w/o ACh muscles wont contract = loss of muscle strength
