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Microbiology > Ch 17 Disorders of Immune system > Flashcards

Ch 17 Disorders of Immune system Flashcards

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1
Q

3 types of Immune disorders

A
  1. Hypersensitive (over reacts) 2. Immunodeficiency (under reacts) 3. autoimmunity (no differentiation btw self and non self)
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2
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

recognizes something foreign, inappropriately responds. Type 1-4. Basophil and Mast cell excessive release of histamine

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3
Q

steps in hypersensitivity (Type 1)

A

upon exposure 1. IgE Antibodies bind to basophils/mast cells (1st problem) 2. basophils degranulate (release histamine)

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4
Q

How histamine works (anaphylactic shock)

A
  1. excessive vasodilator, drops BP = shock/unconsciousness 2. constricts bronchial tubes
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5
Q

how good histamine works

A
  1. relax smooth muscles of arteries to produce hyperemia
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6
Q

How to reverse anaphylactic shock

A

shot of epinephrine (constricts vascular and dilates bronchiolar tubes)

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7
Q

Hypersensitivity (Type 2) Agglutination

A

begins as normal, but can cause problems. (pertaining to blood)

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8
Q

Rh factor and Agglutination

A

(Mom RH-) @ 1st birth blood may mix so mom makes antibodies against RH+. during 2nd birth antibodies may cross placenta and destoys RBC cause baby born with anemia Erythroplastosis fetalis Hemolytic disease of newborn

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9
Q

What to do about Erythroplastosis fetalis/ Hemolytic disease of newborn?

A

Immediate transfer of blood to baby post birth in order to survive

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10
Q

Hypersensitivity (Type 3)

A

Precipitation of Antigen- Antibody Complex (DIC)

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11
Q

(DIC) precipition of Antigen-antibody complex

A

dense combo of AAC which sink/lodge w/n walls of vessels/tubes. complement is stimulated and destroys wall of tube

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12
Q

(DIC) Precipitation of Antigen-antibody complex causes

A

Glomerulonephritis (several others)

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13
Q

Impetigo

A

streptococcus pyogenes infecting the skin (common) in some ppl antibodies will lodge in kidney tubes > complement and inflammation kidney tubes (glumerulonephritis)

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14
Q

MMR (or MMRV)

A

Measles, mumps, rubella (varicella zoster)

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15
Q

Rubella complications

A

“Biological teratogen” birth defects

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16
Q

Hypersensitivity (type 4)

A

Delayed rxn

17
Q

example of Delayed Rxn

A

TB skin test - contact dermatitis such as poison Ivy, latex

18
Q

Immunodeficiencies ( 2 types)

A
  1. primary immunodeficiencies 2. secondary immunodeficiencies
19
Q

Primary immunodeficiencies

A
  1. congenital hypogammaglobulinemia 2. selective IgA deficiency
20
Q

IgA (deficiency)

A

class of antibodies in tears, saliva and breast milk (D= genetically cant make antibodies IgA)

21
Q

Secondary Immunodeficiencies

A

those that we acquire as things go along.

  1. newborn
  2. aged 3. malnourished
22
Q

Newborn Secondary immunodeficienies

A

born with mothers antibodies. after 6 months gone.

23
Q

Aged Secondary Immunodeficiencies

A

get pneumococcal pneumonia (flu) and emergence of shingles as immune system is down

24
Q

Malnourished secondary immunodeficiencies

A

when nourished (amino acid > protein > antibodies) if malnourished wont make proteins

25
Q

How stress affects immunity

A

release Epi > release cortisol (bone marrow depressant) decreases bone marrow activity (WBC production).

26
Q

effect of high epi and low WBC

A

cant sleep with high epi, high BP, leads to cardio vascular disease. cause of death in US

27
Q

side affect Medications relation to immunodeficiency

A

Meds (side affect of most) > bone marrow depression. low WBC and low immune system

28
Q

Side affect of Alcoholism and immunodeficiency

A

^ alcoholism ^ immunodeficiency

29
Q

HIV and immunodeficiency

A

infects CD4 cells, t helper cells (macrophages, dendritic cells) unable to make antibodies. foreign antigen survive infection

30
Q

Autoimmunity

A

the system fails to eliminate antigens and attacks self

31
Q

Types of autoimmune disorders

A
  1. IDDM 2. Grave’s Disease 3. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis 4. Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE) 5. Muscular Dystrophy 6. scleroderma 7. hemolytic anemia
32
Q

Other Autoimmune disorders

A
  1. Rhourmatoid arthritis 2. Diabetes type I 3. Addison’s disease 4. A gammaglobulinemia 5. Celiac Disease 6. Chronic Fatigue syndrome 7. Chrones disease 8. fibromyalgia
33
Q

IDDM

A

causes pancreas to stop making insulin, blood glucose level increases.

34
Q

Graves disease

A

Antiobodies bind to Thyroid gland. overproduction of thyroid hormone ^^^ thyroxin “hyperthyroidism” loose weight, hot and cold “thyroid toxicosis”

35
Q

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

A

Hypothyroidism- cold when hot, snoozy, slow

36
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE)

A

destruction of vessels, kidneys/heart will fail first. immune system destroys connecting tissues blood vessels disintegrate as a result

37
Q

Myesthenia Gravis

A

antibodies destroy ACh receptors w/o ACh muscles wont contract = loss of muscle strength

Microbiology (6 decks)

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