Final Exam Material (test 1) Flashcards
is Fungi a biological domain?
what are the three biological domains?
no, 1. Eukarya 2. Bacteria 3. Archaea
of the following, which is not a biological organism? E. Coli, HIV, C. Botulinium, hemoglobin
HIV- virus’ are not living cells they are an assembly of particles
Bacteria are measure in
Microns (micrometers)
Nitrogen fixation is beneficial or hurtful to humans?
beneficial to all forms of life that synthesize N2 for life.
in 1892 Demitri Levonsky discovered?
the tobacco mosaic virus on plants
Characteristics of living things include these four things
responsivenenss to environment, 2 reproduction 3. stable internal invironment 4 intake and output
a strand of RNA surrounded by a protein is?
a virus
The significant findings of Pasteur are?
spontaneous generation does not occur and that of anthrax testing
A confuncal microscope can
combine data to make a more detailed image, up to 10,000 magnification
a phase contrast microscope can
amplify refractive index to produce greater contrast
atomic force microscope can
use small probe to examine surface area
compound microscope can
uses objective lens and ocular lens (magnifies with two lens)
the microscopes we use in lab are
bright field microscopes
When simple staining an acid, the background should be
purple
a gram stain shows pink rods, this means
the bacteria has LPS in membrane, cant be destroyed by penicillin and doesnt have several layers of peptidoglycan
acid fast bacilli found in the mouth could mean
TB
Gram stain percedure includes
- apply rinse repeat
what optical problem is fixed with oil
refraction
organelles not found in bacteria include
mitochondria
glycocalyx
slime can turn into dental plaque
conjugation is the process in which?
two cells connect via a pilus and once attached share a plasmid. the second cell is now able to reproduce a plasmid via conjugation
many peptidoglycan and some teichoic acid is characteristic of
cell wall of G+ bacteria
for what purpose does bacteria use Fimbriae
to adhear to surfaces
morphology of streptococcus mutans is likely
berries
organelles present in plant cells but not prokaryotes are
cytoskeleton, chloroplast, 80s ribosomes and lysosomes
Chitin is usually found where>
fungal cell wals
the endosymbiotic theory suggests that
mitochondria of animal cells and that cholorplasts of plant cells are indwelling prokaryotes
bacteria known as anaerobic halophile means
will grow in high salt low oxygen environment only
psycrophile or cryophiles are
organisms capable of growing at low degrees
osmotic pressure that inhibits microbial growth is seen in
pickle juice
gram - cell walls include
LPS outer membrane, low peptidoglycan, layer of periplasm and may have glycocalyx external to it
bacterial growth curve
log phase, lag phase, stationary phase, death phase, phase of prolonged decline
a plasmid is known as
non-nucleoid mass of DNA
endotoxin ex is?
the LPS outer membrane
flagella is used for
motility
strands of human DNA have been inserted into lab bacteria, product equals
bacteria produces insulin
what posseses chloroplasts?
algae
scanning electron microscope does what?
bounces electron beams off surface of specimen to produce 3d image
resolution refers to
ability of microscope to distinguish between two points
what are basic stains
methalyne blue, sefranin, crystal violet
facultative anaerobe means
makes ATP by oxygen if O2 is present but if not present does not need O2
agar is used as growth medium becasue
it is solid at room temp and wont be consumed by bacteria
nutrient agar (or complex medium) might contain
peptone and beef extract
destruction of life forms indicates
sterilization
what is one effective sterilizer?
autoclave
of the follwing disinfectants, which are halogens? mercury and copper, theonal and isopropanol, iodine and chlorine, o-phenyphenol and chlorhexidine
iodine and chlorine
how to find number of bacteria after x hours?
Number = organisms present x 2^number of hours
