Test 3 Flashcards
Define crystallized intelligence.
One’s verbal ability and accumulated knowledge.
Describe fluid intelligence.
Consists of abstract reasoning and mental flexibility.
What is IQ score?
IQ= Intelligence quotient
Measurement of the separation between mental age and chronological age.
Calculated by : (mental age/chronological age) x100
Define reliability.
The ability of a test to yield nearly the same score each time a person takes the test or an alternative form of the test.
Define validity.
The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure.
What is behavioural genetics?
The field of research that investigates the relative effects of heredity and environment on behaviour and ability.
What is emotional intelligence?
A type of intelligence that includes an awareness of- and an ability to manage- one’s own emotions, as well as the ability to motivate oneself, to empathize, and to handle relationships successfully.
What are motives?
Needs or desires that energize and direct behaviour toward a goal.
What are incentives?
External stimuli that motivates behaviour (ex: money, fame).
Define intrinsic motivation and give an example.
The desire to perform an act because it is satisfying or pleasurable in and of itself. Ex: working hard in a class because you enjoy the subject
Define extrinsic motivation and give an example.
The desire to perform an act in order to gain a reward or to avoid an undesirable consequence.
Ex: child cleans their room to avoid losing tv privileges
What is an instinct?
An inborn, unlearned, fixed pattern of behaviour that is characteristic of an entire species.
Define the term drive.
A state of tension or arousal brought about by an underlying need, which motivates one to engage in behaviour that will satisfy the need and reduce tension.
What is homeostasis?
The tendency of the body to maintain a balanced internal state with regard to body temperature, blood sugar, water, oxygen level, and so forth to ensure physical survival.
What is the Yerkes-Dodson law?
The principle that performance on tasks is best when the arousal level is appropriate to the difficulty of the task-higher arousal for simple tasks, moderate arousal for tasks of moderate difficulty, and lower arousal for complex tasks.
Define need for achievement.
The need to accomplish something difficult and to perform at a high standard of excellence.
List the 3 main parts of intelligence in Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory.
Componential intelligence
Experiential intelligence
Contextual intelligence
Describe componential intelligence.
Mental abilities most closely related to success on conventional IQ and achievement tests.
Describe experiential intelligence.
Creative thinking and problem solving.
Describe contextual intelligence.
Practical intelligence or “street smarts”. People with high contextual intelligence adapt well; they are survivors. Maximize strengths in order to compensate for weaknesses.
Describe Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory.
Denies the existence of general intelligence. Describes 8 different types of intelligence in humans: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.
Define linguistic intelligence.
Ability to use language to think and communicate.
Describe logical-mathematical intelligence.
Ability to think logically and solve math problems.
Describe spatial intelligence.
Ability to use images that represent spatial relations (ex: imagining if new furniture will fit in room).
Define bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.
Learn and execute physical movements.
Describe musical intelligence.
Sensitivity and understanding of pitch, rhythm, and other music aspects.
