Test 1

Question 1

What are the 4 goals of psychology?

Answer 1

Description, explanation, prediction, and influence of behaviour will occur under set circumstances

Question 2

Explain the goal of description.

Answer 2

Making accurate notes about the behaviours/situations we observe.

Question 3

Describe the goal of explanation.

Answer 3

Tell us “why” a given event or behaviour occurred.

Question 4

Explain the goal of prediction.

Answer 4

Understand/predict the likelyhood that an event or behaviour will occur under set circumstances.

Question 5

Describe the goal of behaviour and mental processes.

Answer 5

Researchers know how to apply a principle or change a condition to prevent unwanted occurences or to bring about desired outcomes.

Question 6

Participants are assigned to take math tests in either a warm classroom or a cold classroom. Test scores are then examined to determine whether these conditions affected performance. In this example, the independent variable is:
A) Mathematic Skill
B) Test scores
C) Classroom temperature
D) Not identified

Answer 6

C

Question 7

Dependent variable is to \_\_\_\_\_\_ as independent variable is to\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) cause; effect
B) correlation; experiment
C) effect; cause
D) random, control

Answer 7

C

Question 8

What does reliability refer to?

Answer 8

The consistency of a test.

Question 9

What does validity refer to?

Answer 9

The ability of a test to measure what it is supposed to measure.

Question 10

Which of the following would a behaviourist not consider a subject for psychological study?
A) interpersonal interactions
B) problem-solving
C) thinking
D) public speaking

Answer 10

C

Question 11

The major emphasis of psychoanalysis is?

Answer 11

The unconscious

Question 12

Define acetylcholine

Answer 12

May produce either excitatory or inhibitory effects; affects movement, learning, memory and REM sleep.

Question 13

Define dopamine

Answer 13

Plays a role in learning, attention, and movement.

Question 14

Define endorphins.

Answer 14

Provides relief from pain and produces feelings of pleasure and well-being.

Question 15

Define GABA

Answer 15

An amino acid that is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Question 16

Define norepinephrine

Answer 16

Affects eating habits, sleep, female sexual behaviours, and it plays a major role in alertness and wakefulness.

Question 17

What class of neurotransmitters includes, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin?

Answer 17

The monoamines

Question 18

A deficiency in serotonin can lead to which health problem?

Answer 18

Depression

Question 19

Which neurotransmitter is thought to control anxiety in humans?

Answer 19

GABA

Question 20

Which neurotransmitter is thought to affect metabolism of glucose and cause the nutrient energy (glucose) stored in muscles to be released with strenuous exercise ?

Answer 20

Epinephrine

Question 21

How does the operation of the autonomic nervous system differ from the somatic nervous system?

Answer 21

It is involuntary.

Question 22

How do the sympathetic nervous system differ from the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 22

SNS mobilize’s body’s resources during times of stress; PNS brings heightened body responses back to normal when the emergency is over.

Question 23

Describe the cerebral cortex.

Answer 23

Grey, convoluted covering of the cerebral hemispheres that is responsible for higher mental processes such as language, memory, and thinking.

Question 24

Define cerebral hemisphere.

Answer 24

The right and left halves of the cerebrum, covered by the cerebral cortex and connected by the corpus callosum.

Question 25

What is the cerebrum?

Answer 25

The largest structure of the human brain, consisting of the two cerebral hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum, and covered by the cerebral cortex.

Question 26

Describe the corpus callosum.

Answer 26

The thick band of nerve fibers that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and makes possible the transfer of information and the synchronization of activity between them.

Question 27

Describe the function of the frontal lobes

Answer 27

The lobes that control voluntary body movements, speech production and such functioning as thinking, motivation, planning for the future, impulse control and emotional responses.

Question 28

What is the left hemisphere?

Answer 28

The hemisphere that controls the right side of the body, coordinates, complex movements, and, ( in 95% of people), controls the production of speech and written language.

Question 29

Describe the occipital lobes.

Answer 29

Contain the primary visual cortex, where vision registers, and association areas involved in the interpretation of visual information.

Question 30

What is the function of the parietal lobes?

Answer 30

Contain the somatosensory cortex (where touch, pressure, temperature and pain register) and other areas that are responsible fore body awareness and spatial orientation.

Question 31

Define the right hemisphere?

Answer 31

Controls the left side of the body and that, in most people, is specialized for visual-spatial perception and for understanding non-verbal behaviour.

Question 32

Describe the temporal lobes,

Answer 32

Contain the primary auditory cortex, Wernicke’s area, and association areas for interpreting auditory information.

Question 33

The endocrine glands secrete__________ directly into the ________.

Answer 33

Hormones, bloodstream

Question 34

Which of the following is not true of sensory receptors?
A) they are specialized to detect certain sensory stimuli
B) they transduce sensory stimuli into neutral impulses
C) they are located in the brain
D) they provide the link between the physical sensory world and the brain

Answer 34

C

Question 35

Each morning when Jackie goes to work at the dry cleaners she smells the strong odour of cleaning fluid. After she is there for a few minutes, she is no longer aware of it. What accounts for this?

Answer 35

Sensory adaption

Question 36

According to the signal detection theory, deciding whether a stimulus is present depends partly on:

Answer 36

• The probability that the stimulus will occur.

- The potential gain or loss associated with deciding that it is present or absent.

Question 37

What path does light take to move toward the retina?

Answer 37

Cornea–>pupil–>lens

Question 38

How do pitch and loudness differ?

Answer 38

Pitch determined by frequency, loudness determined by amplitude.

Question 39

The hearing receptors and hair cells are contained where?

Answer 39

The cochlea

Question 40

The tendency to perceive objects as maintaining the same size, shape and brightness despite differences in distance, viewing angle, and lighting is called:

Answer 40

perceptual constancy