Test 3

Question 1

1. DNA –

Answer 1

The molecule of heredity, common to all life forms, that is passed from parents to offspring

Question 2

2. DNA replication –

Answer 2

The natural process by which cells make an identical copy of a DNA molecule

Question 3

1. Nucleotides –

Answer 3

the building blocks of DNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base. The sequence of nucleotides (a, c, g, t) along a DNA strand is unique to each person.

Question 4

4. Double helix

Answer 4

– the spiral structure formed by two strands of DNA nucleotides bound

Question 5

1. PCR –

Answer 5

Polymerase Chain Reaction multiplies isolated DNA

Question 6

6. Chromosome –

Answer 6

A single, large DNA molecule wrapped around proteins, Chromosomes are located in the nuclei of most eukaryotic cells

Question 7

1. Mutation

Answer 7

– A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

Question 8

1. homologous chromosome –

Answer 8

the two copies of each chromosome in a diploid cell. One chromosome in the pair is inherited from the mother, the other is inherited from the father

Question 9

1. diploid –

Answer 9

Having two copies of every chromosome

Question 10

1. haploid –

Answer 10

having only one copy of every chromosome

Question 11

1. phenotype –

Answer 11

the visible or measurable features of an individual

Question 12

1. genotype –

Answer 12

the particular genetic makeup of an individual

Question 13

1. gametes –

Answer 13

specialized reproductive cells that carry one copy of each chromosome (that is, they are haploid). Sperm are male gametes; eggs are female gametes.

Question 14

8. Meiosis –

Answer 14

a specialized type of cell division that generates genetically unique haploid gametes

Question 15

1. Zygote –

Answer 15

a cell that is capable of developing into an adult organism. The zygote is formed when an egg is fertilized by a sperm

Question 16

1. Embryo –

Answer 16

an early stage of development reached when a zygote undergoes cell division to form a multicellular structure

Question 17

1. Recombination –

Answer 17

the stage of meiosis in which maternal and paternal chromosomes pair and physically exchange DNA segments.

Question 18

1. independent assortment –

Answer 18

the principle that alleles of different genes are distributed independently of one another during meiosis.

Question 19

1. Ovaries –

Answer 19

Paired female reproductive organs; the ovaries contain eggs and produce sex hormones

Question 20

1. Oviducts (Fallopian tubes)

Answer 20

– The tube connecting an ovary and the uterus in females. Eggs are ovulated into and fertilized within the oviducts

Question 21

1. Uterus –

Answer 21

the muscular organ in which a fetus developes

Question 22

1. Vagina –

Answer 22

the first part of the femal reproductive tract

Question 23

1. Cervix –

Answer 23

The cervix is the “neck” of the uterus. Sperm must swim through the cervix and into an oviduct to fertilize an egg

Question 24

1. Fertilization –

Answer 24

the fusion of an egg and a sperm to form a zygote

Question 25

1. Semen –

Answer 25

the mixture of fluid and sperm that is ejaculated from the penis

Question 26

1. Testes/Scrotum –

Answer 26

paired male reproductive organs, which contain sperm and produce androgens (primarily testosterone)

Question 27

1. Vas deferens –

Answer 27

paired tubes that carry sperm from the testes to the urethra

Question 28

Independent Assortment

Answer 28

The principle that alleles of different genes are distributed independently of one another during meiosis.