Lab Molecules Of Life

Question 0

Organic molecule

Answer 0

• Organic molecule - carbon containing compounds produced by living organisms

Question 1

What are the four molecules of life?

Answer 1

Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids

Question 2

The organic molecules in our food are used to

Answer 2

o provide energy to our cells o provide the molecules of life (building blocks) to make new cells and cell products

Question 3

Fatty acids are the ______.

Answer 3

Monomer. (Smallest part)

Question 4

Types of lipids

Answer 4

triglycerides (fats & oils), phospholipids (major component of cell membranes) steroids (including cholesterol & steroid hormones)

Question 5

Define hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Lipids are…

Answer 5

• Lipids are hydrophobic - they do not mix with water o Hydrophilic – molecules that mix with water

Question 6

Triglycerides can be broken into 2 categories

Answer 6

Unsaturated (from plants) liquid Saturated (from animals) solid

Question 7

Which molecule has the most calories per gram?

Answer 7

Lipids

Question 8

Saturation

Answer 8

o saturation – based on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon in the molecule

Question 9

hydrogenation

Answer 9

o hydrogenation - the process of increasing the number of hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms (increasing the saturation) in an unsaturated fat • used to make solid margarine from liquid plant-based oil

Question 10

Emulsifier

Answer 10

Emulsifier - chemical used to help mix lipids and water o an emulsifier has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties o common example: dish soap

Question 11

Carbohydrates

Answer 11

• These molecules are the most common fuel (energy) molecule for living cells

Question 12

Types of carbohydrates

Answer 12

monosaccharides - the carbohydrate monomer • a simple sugar • building block of more complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides) • examples include: glucose, fructose, & galactose o disarccharides - two monosaccharides joined together • a simple sugar • examples include sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar) o polysaccharides - long change of sugar monomers; the carbohydrate polymer • a complex carbohydrate • examples include: starch and cellulose

Question 13

Benedict’s reagent

Answer 13

• Benedict’s reagent - chemical that reacts and changes color in the presence of most monosaccharides and disaccharides (excluding sucrose) but does not react in the presence of polysaccharides o Negative test = stays sky blue o Positive test = changes to green, yellow, red to brown

Question 14

Iodine

Answer 14

• Iodine (Lugol’s solution)- a chemical that reacts and changes color in the presence of starch (a common polysacharide) o Negative test = light yellow or yellowish brown o Positive test = dark blue-black or very dark purple

Question 15

Proteins

Answer 15

• Proteins serve as enzymes, some hormones, and structural components of tissues

Question 16

The building blocks of proteins are

Answer 16

Amino acids

Question 17

Chemical that reacts to protein?

Answer 17

• Biuret reagent - chemical that reacts and changes color in the presence of protein o Negative test = pale or steel blue o Positive test = pinkish purple