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audiology > test 2study guide 1 > Flashcards

test 2study guide 1 Flashcards

1
Q

when the responses of good ear are recorded falsely as responses of the bad ear, we call this a

A

shadow curve

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2
Q

this term is used when the evaluator identifies the existence of a shadow curve

A

cross over or cross hearing

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3
Q

the process in which one sound is blocked out by another sound and is used to prevent the test sound from being heard by the nontest ear; we place the noise in the nontest ear to keep it busy so that we are able to obtain true thresholds in the test ear

A

masking

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4
Q

what is the difference, in decibels, between the intensity of sound that was presented to the poorer ear and the amount of sound that actually reached the good ear

A

interaural attenuation

bone conduction=0 dB
headphones= 40 dB
inserts= 60 dB

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5
Q

______is a bilateral contraciton of the stapedius muscle when an intense sound is introduced to an ear; another part of the middle ear test battery

A

an acoustic reflex

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6
Q

both sides

A

bilateral

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7
Q

special number

A

3

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8
Q

a bilateral contraction

A

acoustic reflex

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9
Q

why do audiologists measure the acoustic reflex

A

to obtain info about the integrity of the auditory system both at the peripheral level and at the brainstem level

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10
Q

name two middle ear muscles

A

tensor tympani

stapedius

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11
Q

muscle which attaches to the malleus

A

tensor tympani

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12
Q

muscle which is attached to the stapes

A

stapedius

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13
Q

when the ____muscle contracts, it stiffens the middle ear system, which lowers the admittance (compliance)

A

stapedius

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14
Q

the lowest level tone that will elicit a reflex

A

threshold

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15
Q

the tone for an acoustic reflex can be at any frequency, but typically audiologists measure acoustic reflexes at 4 frequencies

A

500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz

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16
Q

purpose of acoustic reflexes

A
  1. detection of middle ear pathology
  2. differentiating cochlear from retrocochlear pathology
  3. estimate treshold sensitivity
  4. use in cross check with pure tone testing
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17
Q

name two ways to measure the acoustic reflex

A

ipsilateral reflex test (ipsi)

contralateral reflex test (contra)

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18
Q

reflex measured on the same side as the stimulus

A

ipsilateral reflex test

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19
Q

reflex measured on the opposite side of the stimulus

A

contralateral reflex test

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20
Q

reflex will be labeled off of the _____side

A

stimulus; (left ipsi; right contra etc)

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21
Q

normal range of acoustic reflex

A

70- 95 dB; usually around 85 dB

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22
Q

the reflex will be absent or elevated if :

A
  • the tone is not sufficiently loud enough
  • a hearing loss is present, especially conductive
  • middle ear disorders
  • damage to the VIII cranial nerve
  • Damage to portions of the brainstem or auditory cortex
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23
Q

the reflex is usually absent or present at higher SL

A

conductive loss

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24
Q
  • the reflex is usually present at a reduced SL

- ARTs obtained at 60dB SL or less are a sign of recruitment and of a SNHL (Metz)

A

sensory loss

25
Q

the reflex is absent or present at a higher SL

A

Neural loss

26
Q

a term used to describe a test situation in which a clients hearing is assessed while he or she is seated in the sound- treated room or booth

A

sound field testing

27
Q

the sound stimulus is delivered through ______ mounted in the booth instead of through headphones

A

speakers

28
Q

sound field testing can be useful in both

A

aided or unaided conditions

29
Q

with hearing aids/ cochlear implants, bone anchored hearing devices etc

A

aided

30
Q

without any device

A

unaided

31
Q

JCIH recommends that all infants have access to a hearing screening using physiologic measures by

A

1 month of age

32
Q

types of behavioral pediatric assessments

A
  • behavioral observation audiometry (BOA)
  • Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA)
  • Conditioned play audiometry (CPA)
33
Q

____ is a methodology used when attempting to subjectively test the hearing of a child birth to 6 or 7 months; child’s response must be time locked to the stimulus; requires a subjective response from the child each time the sound is heard

A

BOA behavioral observation audiometry

34
Q

reflexive responses include

A

eye blinks
startle responses
sucking reflex

35
Q

auditory stimuli used in BOA may include

A

warbled tones
noise
unfiltered/ filtered speech
music stimuli

36
Q

what are the jobs of the two audiologist performing the BOA test?

A
  1. ) Manipulating the audiometer and monitoring behavioral responses of the child
  2. ) in the sound booth and is responsible for keeping the individual engaged and providing an extra set of eyes to help ensure validity and reliability of the results
37
Q

has the basic premise that a child has a natural instinct to turn searchingly for an interesting sound when its heard, but the child will continue to do this when “rewarded” with an appealing visual stimulus

A

Visual Reinforcement Audiometry VRA

38
Q

jobs of the two audiologists during a VRA

A
  1. ) Manipulating the audiometer and presenting the test sounds through the speakers
  2. ) directly facing the child and will keep the child engaged during the test process
39
Q

test stimuli used for VRA

A

warbled tones
narrowband noise
live or recorded speech

40
Q

what happens in a VRA

A

the child is situated between the two speakers at the calibration point in the sound booth at an angle to observe a noticeable head turn as the child search for the sound; sound presented through the speakers; child’s attention is then directed toward the sound and the animated toy is activated

41
Q

utilized for children 2.5- 5 years old
designed to gain audiological test results by making the evaluation process into a game
the child is conditioned to play a game

A

conditioned play audiometry CPA

42
Q

what do the two audiologist do during the CPA

A
  1. ) manipulating the audiometer and monitoring behavioral responses
  2. ) playing with the child and providing feedback to the audiologist who is manipulating the audiometer
43
Q

with the CPA we are typically able to obtain info regarding ________

A

the severity, type, and configuration of hearing loss

44
Q

when doing sound field testing, you are not obtaining ear specific info, but __________

A

only obtaining info about the BETTER HEARING EAR

45
Q

_____is a critical element alf a comprehensive evaluation because our daily activity of listening is not composed merely of beeps, but is a complex neurological process called speech perception

A

audiometry along with pure tone audiometry

46
Q

types of speech audiometry tests

A
  • speech recognition threshold or speech recognition threshold;
  • speech detection threshold/ speechawareness threshold; -word discrimination testing
  • most comfortable listening level
  • uncomfortable listening level
47
Q

_______provides a measure of a person’s threshold for the recognition of speech stimuli

A

speech recognition threshold SRT

48
Q

the basic purpose of the SRT is to

A

determine the intensity level just loud enough for the person to barely hear speech

49
Q

word that has two syllables with equal emphasis on each syllable EX hotdog, icecream, baseball

A

spondee words; used in an SRT

50
Q

how do you do an SRT

A

one ear at a time;
patient repeats the words that they hear even if the words are very faint;
presented at a comfortable loudness level in order to familiarize the listener with 8-10 test words
adjust volume of these same words that we find the AC and BC thresholds

51
Q

what determines a patients ability to discriminate speech at a comfortable listening level; uses monosyllabic words; words presented at 30 or 40 dB HL above the SRT

A

speech discrimination testing or word recognition score

52
Q

involves a patient’s responses to the presence of speech; however, whereas the SRT require that the person detect and recognize a word, this requires that the person indicate that they are aware of a speech sound and does not require one to identify the speech sound

A

speech awareness/ detection threshold

53
Q

_____is the dB level that has been determined to be the most comfortable volume level at which a patient subjectively prefers to listen to speech

A

Most comfortable listening level (MCL)

54
Q

what is the purpose of the MCL

A

to determine the level that the patient has the easiest time listening to speech, which results in the patient’s best possible speech understanding ability

55
Q

_____is the limit of acceptable amount of sound in dB, beyond which the patient would find sound to be unacceptably loud or painful to listen to for a sustained period of time

A

Uncomfortable listening level (UCL)(LDL) (TD)

56
Q

______is the mathematical difference between the lowest level at which an individual begins to hear speech (SRT) and the upper limit of comfort for speech (UCL)

A

Dynamic Range (DR)

57
Q

What is used particularly involving the assessment and fitting of hearing aids?

A

MCL

58
Q

a large percentage of individuals with hearing loss experiences the sensation of abnormal growth in loudness this is termed ______

A

recruitment (loud sounds get louder faster)

audiology (10 decks)

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