test 2 study 2 Flashcards
when do the beginnings of language occur and what are some examples ?
they occur at birth
cooing, laughter, replicated babbling, vocal play, onset of single word utterances
use of sound in a repetitive manner occurs when the _______ becomes effective
audiotory feedback loop
hearing/ perception of sound stimuli; auditory processing (the brain organizing and understanding the stimuli)
input: audiotory development
organizing the sounds and speech
production of auditory sound/ speech and language
output: speech production and spoken language
development of oral communication
-2-4mo old repeats vowel-like sounds;
- 5mo old CV sequences begin
-9-10 mo glottal sounds reduced and alveolar sounds are produced
12 mo= first words
mother’s (caregiver) feedback of child’s sounds lays groundwork for the first_____
word production
the ability to perceive the presence or absence of sound
detection
involves the ability to determine whether two stimuli are the same or different. for example, these can be two environmental sounds, two speech sounds, two words, two phrase, 2 sentences, or 2 song/ rhymes
discrimination
involves the child’s ability to identify what has been labeled or name, may be called recognition
identification
highest level of auditory processing. the term is generally used when talking about understanding the meaning of the auditory input and application to known information, experiences, and language
comprehension
there are periods of development in which an organism is programmed to receive and use certain types of stimuli (the optimal period)
the theory of critical periods
in speech and language development, language input must be experienced at a certain stage or it becomes increasingly difficult for utilization of emergent language skills
optimal periods
belief in _______is supported by the fact that neural pathways are build by age 3 years and they are difficult to “rewire” after the age of 3
critical periods
what marks the last milestone for optimum acquisition of language
puberty
the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connection throughout life
– allows the neurons in the brain to compensate for injury and disease and to addicts their activities in response to new situations or to changes in their environment
neuroplasticity
at birth a baby will have how many neurons?
100 billion neurons
in the first 3 years of life, the brain forms connections between these neurons called
synapses
by age 3, the brain has formed about how many connections?
1000 trillion connections
hearing loss eventually impacts / causes :
- delayed speech and language development
- learning problems
- reduced academic achievement
- social isolation and poor self concept
- impacts vocational choices
____is an ability/ skill that is achieved by most children by a certain age; can involve physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and communication skills
developmental milestone
early speech and language intervention can help children be more successful with
reading
writing
schoolwork
interpersonal relationships
- startles to loud noises
- quiets or smiles when spoken to
- seems to recognize your voice and quiets if crying
- increases or decreases sucking behavior in response to sound
birth to 3 months old hearing and understanding milestones
- makes pleasure sounds
- cries differently from different needs
- smiles when sees you
birth to 3 months old talking milestones
- moves eyes in direction of sounds
- responds to changes in tone of your voice
- notices toys that make sounds
- pays attention to music
4-6 months hearing and understanding milestones
