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audiology > study guide 2 > Flashcards

study guide 2 Flashcards

1
Q

sound can be defined in 2 ways

A
  1. psychological : act of hearing

2. physical : physical movement of air molecules within the environment

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2
Q

a physical phenomenon which describes a movement or vibration of an elastic medium without permanent displacement of the particles

A

sound

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3
Q

the disturbance of air molecules striking other molecules creates

A

waves

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4
Q

these waves or vibration of air molecules are what the _______ detects when we hear

A

auditory system

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5
Q

the _____ of the medium the molecules are in determine the characteristics of the sound

A

elasticity

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6
Q

characteristics of sound

A

mass
force
inertia
elasticity

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7
Q

quantity of matter present ; air molecules have ____

A

mass

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8
Q

a push or pull on an object; has both magnitude and direction

A

force

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9
Q

the tendency to resist any change in motion

A

inertia

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10
Q

all bodies remain at rest or in a state of uniform motion unless other forces act in opposition

A

newton’s first law

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11
Q

______is the tendency of an object’s resistance to deformity and its return to the rest position

A

elasticity

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12
Q

___ are made up of successive compressions and rarefactions

A

waves

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13
Q

vibration of sound molecules

A

compressions

rarefactions

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14
Q

types of waves

A

transverse
longitudinal
sine

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15
Q

the molecular motion in TWs is perpendicular to the direction of wave motion. i.e. pebble thrown in water

A

transverse waves

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16
Q

important to understand sound; example would be the motion of wheat blowing in a field

A

longitudinal waves

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17
Q

used to graphically and mathematically explain a sound wave since it can not be seen. EX of a bucket filled with sand on the end of a string is used in many texts

A

sine waves

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18
Q

this succession of molecules being shoved together and pulled apart create a motion called

A

waves

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19
Q

successive compression and rarefactions make up ______

A

sound waves

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20
Q

number of complete cycles per unit time

A

frequency

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21
Q

an object’s distance from rest to maximal displacement

A

amplitude

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22
Q

around of time needed to complete on cycle of vibration

A

period

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23
Q

timing of compressions and rarefactions of wave

A

phase

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24
Q

the human ear responds to frequencies between _________ Hz

A

20 and 20,000 Hz

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25
Q

the frequencies between __________ are the most critical for the perception of speech

A

300 and 3000 Hz

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26
Q

as the compliance of a body increases the frequency at which the body is most easily made to vibrate

A

decreases

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27
Q

systems that have more _______vibrate better at high frequencies

A

elasticity

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28
Q

subjective impression of the power of a sound; the unit of measurement is the sone

A

loudness

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29
Q

the subjective impression of the highness or lowness of a sound; the psychological correlate of Hz

A

pitch

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30
Q

length of time

A

duration

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31
Q

the extent of the vibratory mass from its position of rest to that point furthest from the position of rest

A

amplitude

32
Q

how quickly the wave travels from one point to another

A

sound velocity

33
Q

velocity of sound in air is

A

1130 feet per second/ 344 meters per second

34
Q

the ______ of a sound wave is the speed with which it travels form the source to another point

A

velocity

35
Q

the _____the medium, the faster sound will travel

A

denser

36
Q

sound travels slower at higher elevation because the ________

A

air molecules are farther apart ( air is thinner)

37
Q

as density increases the speed of sound though the material

A

increases

38
Q

is the distance between any point on a sine wave to the same point on another cycle of the wave; the distance between two rarefactions or condensations

A

wavelength

39
Q

wavelength is inversely proportional to ___

A

frequency

40
Q

the study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the psychological responses in which they give

A

psychoacoustics

41
Q

ability to determine what direction the sound originated

A

localization

42
Q

the reflection of sound from a surface; as this increases, localization ability decreases

A

reverberation

43
Q

a sound that is made up of a number of different sinusoides, each with a different frequency; Speech is an example

A

complex sounds

44
Q

each mass has a frequency at which it most naturally vibrates ; a body can e set into motion by frequencies other than this

A

resonance

45
Q

repeat over time (as in speech or music ) will naturally have a fundamental frequency

A

periodic sounds

46
Q

(non repeating sound) will not have a fundamental frequency

A

aperiodic

47
Q

in a periodic complex sound, all frequencies are whole number multiples of the fundamental ; tones which occur above the fundamental Hs are called harmonic or overtones

A

harmonics

48
Q

the mathematical breakdown of any complex wave into its components parts, consisting of simple sinusoids of different frequencies. the fundamental Hz of the complex wave determine the harmonics

A

fourier analysis

49
Q

the sum components of a complex wave

A

spectrum

50
Q

a tone of only one Hz

A

pure tone

51
Q

highly complex sound, produced by random oscillation, aperiodic

A

noise

52
Q

the amount of sound energy per unit of area

A

intensity

53
Q

the relationship in time between two or more waves

A

phase

54
Q

the intensity of a sound wave

A

described as decibels (dB)

55
Q 
Is a ratio
utilizes a logarithm
nonlinear
may be expressed in terms of various reference levels, which must be specified
is a relative unit of measure
A

important information about dB

56
Q

audiologist and acousticians use________ rather than intensity terms

A

Sound pressure level (spl)

57
Q

the lowest sound intensity that stimulates normal hearing; different pressure amounts are required to stimulate zero hearing level at different frequencies

A

hearing level (HL)

58
Q

the level at which the tone is so soft that it can be perceived only 50% of the time it is presented

A

threshold of a pure tone

59
Q

the ability to determine the specific location of a sound source; complex phenomenon resulting from the interaction of both ears

A

localization

60
Q

how is localization possible

A

because of relative intensities of sounds and their times of arrival at the two ears

61
Q

when two sounds are heard simultaneously, the intensity of one sound may be sufficient to cause the other to be inaudible. this change in the threshold of a sound caused by a second sound with which it coexists is called ____

A

masking

62
Q

the noise that causes the interference is called the

A

masker

63
Q

resonance characteristics are defined by

A

impedance

64
Q

the ______ of a medium is the opposition it presents to the transmission of acoustic energy

A

impedance

65
Q

how is hearing measured?

A

with an audiometer

66
Q

allows us to select the frequency we want to present to the test ear;

A

frequency select

67
Q

allows the user to select the loudness of the tone presented ; typically will range from -10 to around 100 dB HL

A

intensity (dB hL) Level

68
Q

allows us to select the type of signal we want to present to the ear; we will select from tone, white noise, narrow band noise, speech, or warbled tone

A

stimulus type

69
Q

correct earphone over the correct ear

A

red on right and blue on left

70
Q

allows us to choose in which mode the stimulus will be delivered to the patient or test ear

A

transducer

71
Q

when activated, enables the audiometer to present stimulus simultaneously through both channels of the audiometer with the depressing of either of the stimulus present buttons

A

interlock or reverse

72
Q

this feature allows the clinician to interrupt testing and speak to the patient without changing any protocols on the audiometer or the need to enter the booth

A

talk-over

73
Q

allows you to hear the patient while in the sound booth via a microphone

A

talkback

74
Q

speech can be delivered to the patient either by live voice, tape, or CD presentation; live voice requires the least amount of time;
tape recordings provide for the highest degree of reliability and accuracy

A

speech stimulus

75
Q

used to measure sound pressure levels in the environment

A

sound level meters

audiology (10 decks)

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