study guide Flashcards
how many americans have hearing loss in both ears?
30 million
how many americans have hearing loss in at least one ear?
48 million
the prevalence of hearing loss increases with ___
age
hearing loss due to aging is called ____
presbycusis
________of every 1000 infants in the US are born with a moderate to severe congenital loss
2- 3
professionals engaged in autonomous practice to promote healthy hearing, communication competency, and quality of life for persons of all ages through the prevention, identification, assessment, and rehabilitation of hearing, auditory function, balance, and other related systems
audiologist
what are some of the different areas of audiology?
medical audiology educational audiology pediatric audiology dispensing/ rehabilitative audiology industrial audiology tele-audiology recreationa; and animal audiology
different settings audiologist can work in?
community/ university hospitals ENT practices private clinics schools manufacturers department of veterans affairs medical centers and other state and federal agencies military based programs college and university settings
issued by a government agency and grants an individual the right to practice a given profession. most states model their regulatory rules in audiology after the ASHA standards for the certificate of clinical competence (CCC)
licensure
provides a different level of consumer protection by assuring that an individual has met rigorous and valid standards endorsed by a national professional body
certification
committed to enhancing the ability of its members to achieve career and practice objectives through professional development, education, research, increased awareness of hearing disorders, and audiologic services.
AAA american academy of audiology
decides on standards in audiology and speech language pathology and conducts accreditation programs for colleges and universities in both fields
ASHA american speech-language hearing association
designed to meet the professional needs of audiologists in private practice, especially those who directly dispense hearing aids
ADA academy of doctors of audiology
requirements in becoming an audiologist
- 4 year undergraduate degree
- doctorate of audiology (minimal 4 years post undergrad, clinical degree)
- doctorate of philosophy (approx 4 years)
- combined Au.D./Ph.D. (approx 6 years)
the largest number of audiologists are currently employed in this field
they focus on diagnostic assessments for hearing or balance disorders.
works with all ages
medical audiology
minimize the impact that hearing loss has on the education of young children, and in the educational setting. they are responsible for identification of children with hearing loss and referral to other professional services as needed
educational audiology
their primary role is to facilitate parents’ efforts to meet the many rehabilitative / habilitative challenges that the child and family with face.
pediatric audiology
they dispense, distribute, sell, and appropriately fit hearing amplification
they can dispense in practically any setting as long as a dispensing license is obtained from the state
dispensing/ rehabilitation audiology
OSHA requires monitoring of noise levels for workers
- Annual hearing evaluations
- Hearing protection
- Counseling employees
industrial audiologists
delivers and entire battery of hearing care services to persons in need who not have the means or opportunity to travel sometimes from great distances to receiver services traditionally located in urban areas
tele- audiology
they counsel about dog safety and communication issues, hearing conservation for services animals ( especially military working dogs)
recreational and animal audiology
peripheral auditory system- 3 parts
Outer ear
middle ear
inner ear
what are the 2 primary components of the outer ear
pinna (auricle)
ear canal
- composed of cartilage and skin. funnel shaped
- purpose is to collect and send sound waves through the ear canal
- sound localization and helps protect the entrance the external auditory canal
pinna ( auricle )
- long narrow canal leading to the eardrum
- meatus
- lined with epithelium and cilia, and contains glands in the cartilaginous portion that produces earwax
ear canal
what is another name for earwax
cerumen
a waxy and somewhat sticky substance
cerumen
what is the purpose of cerumen
protection; helps to keep the ear canal moisturized and clean of debris that could accumulate
external auditory meatus (EAM) or the external auditory canal (EAC) has two main functions:
- to protect the delicate middle and inner ear
2. to increase the amplitude and high frequency sounds
the EAM terminates at the ______ which acts as the anatomic boundary between the Outer ear and middle ear
tympanic membrane
what is the middle ear composed of
tympanic membrane ossicles malleus incus stapes
anatomic boundary between the outer and middle ear
tympanic membrane (aka eardrum)
multiple layers of tissues
epithelial layer
fibrous layer
membranous layer
the middle ear cavity is _____
filled with air
ear bones; the smallest bones in the human body
ossicles
aka hammer; lateral most bone of the chain; connected to the eardrum
malleus
aka anvil; center bone of the chain
incus
aka stirrup; medial most bone, rocks in and out of the oval window
stapes
- equalizes air pressure between middle ear cavity and nasopharynx
- helps to drain fluids which might accumulate in ME into nasopharynx
eustachian ( auditory) tube
ligaments suspend _________ loosely in middle ear space, allowing for movement
ossicularchain
two muscles found in the middle ear
stapedius
tensor tympani
the middle ear serves as an ______
impedance matching device
impedance=
resistance
the middle ear helps equalize pressure between
middle ear cavity and nasopharynx
serves to protect the inner ear from intense sounds
2 labyrinths found in the inner ear
auditory labyrinth
vestibular labyrinth
auditory labyrinth consists of the
cochlea
cochlea is a
sensory end organ of hearing
vestibular labyrinth consists of
semicircular canals
semicircular canals are
sensory end organ of balance
what is fluid filled space within temporal bone and shaped like a snail shell, with 2 and 5/8’s turns; three chambers
cochlea
upper portion filled with perilymph
scalavestibuli
middle portion filled with endolymph
scalamedia
lower portion filled with perilymph
scalatympani
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