Test 2 Study Guide

Question 1

What is ascites?

Answer 1

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 2

Which diseases often causes ascites?

Answer 2

Cirrhois

Question 3

What is kwashiorkor?

Answer 3

Protein deprivation

Question 4

Where does protein digestion begin and what breaks it down?

Answer 4

Stomach via pepsin

Question 5

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 5

20

Question 6

What are proteins composed of?

Answer 6

Linear chains of amino acids

Question 7

Where does lipids digestion begin and what breaks it down?

Answer 7

Duodenum via bile

Question 8

What does bile do to fats?

Answer 8

Emulsifies

Question 9

Where does carb digestion begin and what breaks it down?

Answer 9

mouth via salivary amylase

Question 10

What is marasmus?

Answer 10

Deprivation of all food

Question 11

Where is phosphate stored?

Answer 11

Teeth and bones

Question 12

What is the main function of phosphate?

Answer 12

Cellular metabolism

Question 13

What is Hypophosphatemia?

Answer 13

Low phosphate

Question 14

What is Hyperphosphatemia?

Answer 14

high phosphate

Question 15

What are lipids stored as?

Answer 15

triglycerides

Question 16

What are lipids used for?

Answer 16

Support, energy, hormones

Question 17

What are the fat soluble vitmains?

Answer 17

A, D, E, K

Question 18

Do saturated fats increase cholesterol?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

What macronutrient does the CNS love?

Answer 19

lipids

Question 20

What are carbs broken down into?

Answer 20

monosacharides

Question 21

What are carbs stored in the liver as?

Answer 21

glycogen

Question 22

Which are better carbs, simple or complex?

Answer 22

complex

Question 23

Are carbs essential?

Answer 23

no

Question 24

What type of carb is fiber?

Answer 24

polysacharide

Question 25

What does fiber do to cholesterol?

Answer 25

Binds to and reduces

Question 26

What are the monosacharides?

Answer 26

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 27

Sodium Potassium Pump per 1 ATP

Answer 27

3 sodium and 2 potassium pumped

Question 28

What is secreted by the small intestine?

Answer 28

Lactase, maltase, sucrase, aminopeptidases, dipeptidases Above are: "Brush border enzymes"

Question 29

What does ketones in urine mean?

Answer 29

You are starving

Question 30

What is hyponatrermia?

Answer 30

Low sodium in blood

Question 31

What are some causes of hyponatremia?

Answer 31

Vomiting, diarrhea, sweating

Question 32

What are symptoms of hyponatremia?

Answer 32

Hypotension, tachycardia, reduced urine output, altered neural function

Question 33

What is hypovolemia?

Answer 33

Deficit of body fluid volume

Question 34

What are some causes of hypovolemia?

Answer 34

excessive fluid loss, reduced fluid intake, 3rd spacing

Question 35

What are symptoms of hypovolemia?

Answer 35

thirst, weight loss, diminished skin turgor, decreased urine output

Question 36

What is a cause of hypophosphatemia?

Answer 36

Severe burns, malnutrition, malabsorption, Vit D deficiency

Question 37

What is a symptom of hypophosphatemia?

Answer 37

Muscle weakness, tremor, parasthesia

Question 38

What is a cause of hyperphosphatemia?

Answer 38

Bone fracture, bone disease, acromegaly

Question 39

What is a symptom of hyperphosphatemia?

Answer 39

None

Question 40

What is a primary prevention precaution?

Answer 40

Protect people from injury or disease

Question 41

What is a secondary prevention precaution?

Answer 41

screening and early detection

Question 42

What is a tertiary prevention precaution?

Answer 42

Rehab after diagnosis

Question 43

How much body weight is water?

Answer 43

60%

Question 44

How much body weight is intracellular?

Answer 44

40%

Question 45

How much body weight is extracellular?

Answer 45

20%

Question 46

Where is calcium found?

Answer 46

Bones and teeth

Question 47

What is the function of calcium?

Answer 47

action potential and muscle contraction

Question 48

What is a cause of hypocalcemia?

Answer 48

Medications: Heparin and glucagon Reg: Thyroid disorders, severe burns, kidney failure, Vit D deficiency, sepsis

Question 49

What is a symptom of hypocalcemia?

Answer 49

Anxiety, irritability, muscle twitching, cramps, spasms, seizure

Question 50

What is a cause of hypercalcemia?

Answer 50

Bone breakdown, overactive parathyroid, excessive Vit D and Ca supplements

Question 51

What is a symptom of hypercalcemia?

Answer 51

None to severe Excessive thirst, freq urination, muscle weakness, diarrhea, confusion, cardiac arrhythmia, heart palpitations

Question 52

What are the causes of edema?

Answer 52

1. Increased hydrostatic pressure 2. Low oncotic pressure 3. Increased capillary permeability 4. Lymph gets overwhelmed