Inflammation Flashcards
What are the 3 goals of an acute inflammatory response?
- Increase blood flow to site of injury
- alert product of healing to attend site
- remove injured tissue and prepare site for repair
What is the vascular response of inflammation?
Increase blood flow to site of injury
What is the cellular response for inflammation?
Alert product of healing to attend to the site of injury
What happens to blood vessels during inflammation?
Vasodilate
What are inflammatory mediators?
Facilitate process of widening and loosening blood vessels
What type of cells release inflammatory mediators?
White blood cells
What do platelets release?
Serotonin and histamine
What does serotonin do?
Causes vasodilation and increased permeability
What does histamine do?
Causes vasodilation and increased permeability
What do endothelial cells release and what does it do
Platelet activating factor; inflammatory mediator that promotes vasodilation and attractions WBC to injury site
What does arachidonic acid generate
Generates inflammatory mediators
What are mast cells and how fast do they respond?
- leukocyte housed throughout tissue, near blood vessels
- Respond first
What are macrophages
Monocytes that moved from bloodstream into another tissue
What are cytokines
Proteins that regulate inflammation
How long is chronic inflammation?
Longer than 6 months
What are the chief phagocytic cells of chronic inflammation?
monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes
What happens as monocytes mature into macrophages?
Produce proteinases and fibroblasts
What are proteinases and why can they be bad?
Enzymes that destroy elastin, destroy tissue at site of injury
What are fibroblasts responsible for and why can they be bad
Responsible for collage development; extensive scarring
What are granulomas?
Nodular inflammatory lesions that encase harmful substances
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function
What cells respond first in inflammation?
Mast cells
What are the 3 pathways of plasma systems?
- Complement
- Clotting
- Kinin
What does the complement system do?
- Destroy and remove microorganism
What does the kinin system do?
- Amplifies immune response
What does the clotting system do?
- Helps with coagulation, promotes clots
What is often found with chronic inflammation?
- Fibrosis, scarring, granulomas
what is a granuloma?
- nodular inflammatory lesion that encases harmful substance
What is the treatment for inflammation?
RICE
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
