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Pathophysiology > Cellular Componets > Flashcards

Cellular Componets Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Protects cell

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2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Gel-like fluid, separates components

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3
Q

Cytosol

A

Fluid within cytoplasm

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4
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Synthesize proteins

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5
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticlium

A

Synthesis of lipids

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6
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Prepares substances produced by Endoplasmic Reticulum for secretion outside of cell

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7
Q

Lysosome

A

Digests cellular debris

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8
Q

Peroxisome

A

Neutralizes harmful substances

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9
Q

Mitochondria

A

ATP baby

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10
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA

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11
Q

Microtubules

A

Mitosis

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12
Q

Thin Microfilaments

A

Comprise Protein actin

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13
Q

Thick Microfilaments

A

Comprise protein myosin

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14
Q

What is Passive Transport?

A

Doesn’t require ATP, movement of substances

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15
Q

What is active transport?

A

Requires energy, movement of particles

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16
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

transport large substances into cells

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17
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Ingest large particles

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18
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Ingest contents of small liquid containing vesicles

19
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Extracellular release of products

20
Q

What is a receptor?

A

Present on surfaces of cell, allow target cell to communicate

21
Q

What are ligands?

A

Signaling molecules, begins process of communication

22
Q

What is signal transduction?

A

Process of communication

23
Q

What is binding affinity?

A

Strength of binding

24
Q

What is paracrine signaling?

A

Ligand binding to receptors that result in signal transduction

25
Q

What is endocrine signaling?

A

When signal transduction affects cell behavior within entire organism

26
Q

What is atrophy?

A

Decrease in individual cell seize

27
Q

What causes atrophy?

A

Immobilization and active muscle movement impaired

28
Q

What is ischemia?

A

decreased oxygen supply to cell

29
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

Increase in cell size

30
Q

What causes hypertrophy?

A

Increased growth signals, increased demand, strength building

31
Q

What is hyperplasia?

A

Increase in cell number

32
Q

What causes hyperplasia?

A

hormone signaling, increased workload, puberty

33
Q

What is metaplasia?

A

changing of one cell type to another

34
Q

What is the cause of metaplasia?

A

persistent stressors (smoke exposure)

35
Q

What is dysplasia?

A

Change in cell size, shape, arrangement, structure

36
Q

What is the cause of dysplasia

A

Chronic or persistent stressor

37
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

programmed cell death

38
Q

What is necrosis?

A

Death of cells related to cell injury

39
Q

What causes cell death?

A

Infection, mechanical or thermal injury, deficit injury, or toxins (TIPS)

40
Q

What are endogenous toxins

A

Toxins within the body

41
Q

What are exogenous toxins

A

Toxins from external enviorment

42
Q

What is deficit injury?

A

cell is deprived of oxygen, hydration, and nutrition

43
Q

What is the TIPS acronym for causes of cell death

A

Toxins, infections, physical injury, serum deficit injury

44
Q

What is oxidative stress?

A

cells are exposed to reactive oxygen species

Pathophysiology (6 decks)

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