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Diseases Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathophysiology?

A
  • Antigens and antibodies form immune complexes, deposited into tissue
  • Increased permeability, causes edema
  • Pannus forms over join
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2
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis risk factors?

A
  • Female
  • Asthma
  • Family hstry
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3
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis expected findings?

A
  • Decreased mobility
  • Erythema
  • Pain
  • Edema
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4
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis lab tests?

A
    • ANA test
  • Elevated serum ESR
  • Radiograph to visualize joint damage
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5
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis symptom management?

A
  • Anti-inflammatory, immune suppressive
  • Physical therapy
  • Splint
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6
Q

Acute Sinusitis pathophysiology?

A
  • Outflow of mucous blocked
  • Blocked by protective cilia or altered mucous quality/quantity
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7
Q

Acute Sinusitis risk factors?

A
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Chronic respiratory allergies
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8
Q

Sinusitis Symptoms?

A
  • Sinus facial pain
  • Fever
  • Nasal congestion
  • Fatigue
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9
Q

Sinusitis lab tests?

A
  • ESR
  • WBC
  • Xray
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10
Q

Acute Sinusitis treatment

A
  • Antihistamine, decongestant
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11
Q

Chronic Sinusitis pathophysiology?

A
  • Multifactorial inflammation
  • Environment
  • Genetic
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12
Q

Chronic Sinusitis treatment?

A
  • Nasal saline irrigation
  • Antibiotics
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13
Q

Acromegaly pathophysiology?

A
  • Hyperplasia by increased GH lvl
  • Somatostatin not lowering GH
  • GH stimulates IGF-1, increased growth in bones, organs, and cartilage
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14
Q

Acromegaly findings?

A
  • Abnormal growth
  • Deep voice
  • Heart failure
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15
Q

Acromegaly lab tests?

A
  • High IGF in blood work
  • Glucose tolerance testing; positive is GH high after 1 hr of exposure to glucose
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16
Q

Acromegaly treatment?

A
  • Somatostatin analog
  • GH antagonist
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17
Q

Cervical Dysplasia pathophysiology?

A
  • Presence of abnormal cells in cervical lining
  • Transformation zone common place for abnormal cells to develop
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18
Q

Cervical Metaplasia Risk factors?

A
  • Early sexual activity
  • Multiple sexual partners
  • Exposure to HPV
  • Smoking
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19
Q

Cervical Metaplasia Symptoms?

A

None

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20
Q

Cervical Metaplasia/Dysplasia lab work?

A
  • Pap Smear
  • Colposcopy
  • Take cells from endo and exo cervix
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21
Q

Cervical Metaplasia/Dysplasia Treatment?

A
  • Remove superficial cells
  • Cyrosurgery
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22
Q

Cervical Metaplasia pathophysiology?

A
  • Estrogen levels decreased
  • Conversion of one cell type to another in cervical lining
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23
Q

Acute Gastritis patho?

A
  • alcohol or ibuprofen consumption
  • decrease gastric mucosa
  • redness, erosion, perforation of stomach lining
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24
Q

Chronic gastritis patho?

A
  • H. Pylori releases enzyme that neutralize gastric acid and makes toxin that destroys mucosa
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25
Gastritis risk factors
- Alcohol - Ibuprofen or aspirin
26
Gastritis findings?
- abdominal pain - dyspnea - vomiting - hiccups
27
Gastritis lab test?
- Occult blood stool test - Endoscopy visualizes stomach
28
Gastritis signs of concern?
- If vomiting blood = perforation of stomach
29
Gastritis treatment?
- Removal of irritant - If infection: antibiotic - If autoimmune: anti-inflammatory
30
Ulcerative colitis patho?
- Autoimmune linked - Starts in distal end of rectum and extends to descending colon - Erosions develop - Necrosis and ulceration are common
31
Ulcerative colitis findings?
- Diarrhea - Rectal bleeding - Abdominal pain - Fever
32
Ulcerative colitis test?
- Endoscopy
33
Ulcerative colitis treatment?
- anti-inflammatory, antidiarrhea - Healthy diet and adequate fluid intake
34
Ulcerative colitis risk reduction?
- Avoid milk, caffeine, spicy foods
35
Crohn patho?
- Chronic inflammation in patchy segments - Increased permeability; edema - Thickening bowel wall from edema - Ulcers can form, forming fistulas
36
Crohn risk factors?
- Family hstry - Smoking - Poor diet
37
Crohn expected findings?
- Rapid stool transit time - Intestial edema - Loss of absorption function - Abdominal pain, occult blood, diarrhea
38
Crohn tests?
- Sigmoidoscopy; check for cobblestone pattern - Radiographs - Stool culture to rule out infection
39
Crohn treatment?
- Anti-inflammatory - Dietary changes - Increase calories, increase protein, decrease fat, decrease fiber
40
Pancreatitis patho?
- Injury to acinar cells, pancreatic duct - Injury triggers blockage of enzymatic pathways, and inflammation - Increased vascular permeability; edema
41
Pancreatitis risk factor?
- Alcohol consumption
42
Pancreatitis Expected findings?
- Upper abdominal pain - Nausea - Vomiting - Anorexia
43
Pancreatitis tests?
- CBC - Ultrasound
44
Pancreatitis treatment?
- Aggressive IV hydration - NPO - Analgesics for pain - Surgical removal of gallstones
45
Cardia Hypertrophy patho?
- High BP causes left ventricle to work harder - Muscle builds up - Perfusion to heart muscle decreases
46
Cardia Hypertrophy risk factors?
- Family history - Hypertension
47
Cardia Hypertrophy expected findings?
- No symptoms - Sudden death - Shortness of breath - Chest pain
48
Cardia Hypertrophy Test?
- Echocardiogram - ECG
49
Cardia Hypertrophy treatment?
- Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker - ACE inhibitor
50
Cerebral Atrophy patho?
- Destruction of neurons, loss of neurotransmitter production - Reduced perfusion to brain - Neurons decrease in size
51
Cerebral Atrophy risk factors??
- Low B vitamins - Reduction in physical and intellectual activity
52
Cerebral Atrophy Findings?
- Loss of speech - Loss of motor skills - etc
53
Cerebral Atrophy Tests?
- Physical exam to determine neurologic deficits - Compare to MRI baseline
54
Cerebral Atrophy Treatment?
- Physical and occupational therapy - Medication to address impaired neurologic signal transmission
55
Burn Injuries
a
56
AIDS patho?
- HIV attacks CD4 cells - When CD4 count lower than 200, AIDS
57
AIDS risk factors?
- gay man sex - drug users
58
AIDS findings?
- 2-4 weeks = 1st acute infection - 3 months = seroconversion (antibodies to HIV) - Frequent infections
59
AIDS test?
- Test CD4 numbers
60
AIDS treatment?
- ART (anti-retroviral treatment) - Pre and post prophylactic treatment
61
Anaphylaxis patho
- Type 1 rxn, IgE - Mast cells and basophils degranulate - Chemical mediators cause vasodilation, vascular permeability increases
62
Anaphylaxis risk factors
- Taking multiple drugs - Common allergies
63
Anaphylaxis expected findings?
- Phase 1: mins to hrs; short acting chemical mediator, bronchospasm, hives, itching - Phase 2: 4 hrs; long act chemical mediator, sever hypotension, long bronchospasm, GI issues, edema
64
Anaphylaxis test?
- Allergy testing
65
Anaphylaxis treatment?
- Epinephrine - Remove allergen - Bronchodilators
66
Lupus patho?
- Type 3 hypersensitivity rxn - Immune complexes deposited into tissues, antibodies find and destroy complexes
67
Lupus risk factors?
- female - genetic
68
Lupus findings?
- Depends where complex deposited - Fever - Pain - Rashes -> Malar Rash (butterfly) on face
69
Lupus testing?
- ANA - ENA - Smit antigen
70
Lupus treatment?
- anti inflammatory drugs - steroids

Pathophysiology (6 decks)

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